The Geography Of The Greece And Roman Empires - 967 Words

The geography of the Greece and Roman Empires seem really similar, both on the coast lines of the Mediterranean Sea. But they are really different in terms of land and what crops they can grow. The Greece Empire while on the Mediterranean Sea had a vast problem with the weather conditions that the sea brought, many earthquakes, hurricanes and volcanoes. They also faced deep valleys and large mountain terrain. This land was not easy to farm wheat but it was a great place to grow olives and grapes. This was almost the opposite for the Roman Empire. They took over the entire land that surrounded the Mediterranean Sea, which included Greece. The Roman Empire acquired rich farmland and many mines. The farmland gave the Romans the ability to produce wheat and the mine produces minerals for trade. The biggest Roman geological force was their ability to trade and kept their economies going for the Romans. Mostly the Romans developed roadways and the trade along the water ways gave them a do minate empire. Culture of the Greece Empire was focused on philosophical truths rather than freedom or rights of the people. Greece was broken into many states; each state had their own laws, while they shared the same religious beliefs and money. Many Greeks believed in sports. Men and boys practiced sports daily. They believed it helped keep them physically fit as well as helped them prepare for war. Most importantly they are known for the Olympic Games, these games were played every fourShow MoreRelatedAn Overview of the Greek and Roman Empire1654 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Victoria Sogbesan Ms.Skinner World History 20 April 2015 Greek: Geography played an important role in the development of Gee civilization. The mountains and the sea played especially significant roles in the development of Greek history. Much of Greece consists of small plains river valleys surrounded by high mountain ranges. The mountain isolated Greeks from one another, causing different Greek communities to develop their own ways of life. The sea also influenced the evolution of Greek societyRead MoreThe Greek And Roman Civilizations830 Words   |  4 Pages . The Greek and Roman Civilizations were quite similar in their Art, their Women’s Rights, and their Geographic location. The Greek believed their painted, sculpted and carved depictions of the people should be absolutely perfect. Especially the men. They found that the physical form was most pleasing to the eye and wanted to accentuate that beauty and deliver it through art. They sought out to present infinite elegance. Flawless statues and paintings showedRead MoreThe Roman Invasion Of Greece Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesRoman Invasion of Greece After the death of Philip II, his son, Alexander the Great, became ruler of Macedonia. Alexander ruled for thirteen years until his death at 33 years old (Parker 312). Unlike most military leaders, he did not destroy the cities that he conquered. He believed that the barbarians also contributed to society. During his reign, Alexander greatly expanded his empire from Greece to Egypt and also to India (310). In addition to acquiring land, the expansion spread Greek philosophyRead MoreSimilarities Greeks and Romans Essay896 Words   |  4 Pages3RD pd world cultures | Similarities and differences between Greece and Rome. | Essay. | | Zack Skone | 4/18/2013 | This document is about the similarities and differences between Ancient Greece and Rome. | Comparisons and differences between the Ancient Greeks and Romans The Ancient Greeks and Romans both began their histories as city-states. While the coastline and the mountainous terrain of the Greek peninsula isolated the various Greek cities from one another, theRead MoreThe Origins Of Western Civilization1547 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization began in the middle east approximately five thousand years ago, and slowly moved west into Europe. Tis history is highlighted by the rise of many different kingdoms and empires, each with contribution to modern western culture. The following essay will describe the Ancient Greece, the Assyrians and the Ancient Roman, and the legacy each has the study of western civilization. Between 1100 and 387 BCE, the Greeks evolved from a very primitive agricultural society to the most important culturalRead MoreAncient Rome And The Roman Empire1067 Words   |  5 Pagesheight, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, and unique people and culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. The Romans believed thatRead MoreComparing Greek and Roman Architecture Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing Greek and Roman architecture and design we see many similarities as well as differences. Greek culture and society came into fruition roughly 1250 years before the rise of the Roman Empire and Roman artisans were strongly inï ¬â€šuenced by their Greek predecessors. However, the Greeks were not without their own inï ¬â€šuences. Egyptian building styles and art were reï ¬ ned by the Greeks as seen in their use of column and lintel construction. It is notable that inï ¬â€šuence from Persia and the AncientRead MoreAncient Rome And The Roman Empire1067 Words   |  5 Pagesheight, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, and unique people and culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. The Romans believed thatRead MoreHistorical Significance Of The City Of Jerusalem1193 Words   |  5 Pagesabout Jerusalem! For this reason, it is of great benefit to further study this wonderfully significant place. Before looking at the historical significance of Jerusalem, which means â€Å"foundation of peace† (Laney 1988), it is fitting to look at the geography of this city. At an elevation of 2,490 ft. above sea level (Wikipedia 2015a) and â€Å"situated thirty-three miles west of the north end of the Mediterranean Seas and fifteen miles west of the north end of the Dead Sea† (Laney 1988), Jerusalem is locatedRead MoreThe Roman Empire : The Most Extensive Political And Social Structure Of Western Civilization1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Empire At its height, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure of western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, unique people and a fascinating culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the

In Cold Blood - 1256 Words

Truman Capote’s non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood, was a breakthrough in literacy in that it was accredited as the first non-fiction novel. There was a lot of controversy when the book was first published because of the incredibility of the work. This could be expected in that time, because people where not familiar with the concept of non-fiction novels yet, but this is where the beauty of this style of writing lies, the recreation of the truth. It would have been impossible for Capote to have documented the occurrence fully, because he only read about the murder after it had happen, after all, this was not what he wanted to do. Capote got a lot of criticism for the book, because of him bending the truth, putting in scenes that never†¦show more content†¦The true art of the non-fiction novel is the missing information that is filled in by the author. Capote does a good job of recreating what had happened before the murders took place. He had a subjective view of Holco mb in the introduction, but he describes it skillfully, trying to bring out the contrast of the quiet small town and the events that were going to take place there. With the extensive research that was done by Capote, he could formulate a good picture of what had happened before the murder. He uses a technique where he splits the story in two, and then moving from one scene with the Clutter family, too the murderers, Dick and Perry and then later between the murderers and the investigating detectives. This allows the reader to constantly be aware of what was taking place and when it had happened. Capote also uses it to create more suspense in the story, leaving you after every scene wanting to know more. Capote used a third person, omniscient point of view in writing the non-fiction novel. This allowed him to convey the thoughts of some of the characters, allowing the reader to be inside the characters mind, experiencing the emotional reality of each scene. This is what makes it a non-fiction novel, the story that was formed by adding little bits of information created by theShow MoreRelatedCold Blood1139 Words   |  5 PagesIn the non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, Truman Capote (1965) gives his own narrative of the Holcomb tragedy in which a family of four living out on a secluded farm were slaughtered with a shotgun by the collaboration of two individuals for a seemingly few dollars. In this novel, Capote gives a thorough character description of the two murderers, Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, as he recreates their experience (much as he sees it as it would be from their eyes). He gives accounts preceding the eventRead MoreIn Cold Blood1371 Words   |  6 PagesTruman Capoteà ¢â‚¬â„¢s use of form in his novel In Cold Blood really grabs the reader’s attention. His manipulation of form makes the reader feel as if they are part of the investigation that occurred after the unforgettable night at the Clutter house. He places the information that he gathered from the research in the book in a very interesting sequence that leaves the reader in a state of confusion. The way he jumps from the investigation to the killers within the book adds a sense of dramatic irony butRead MoreIn Cold Blood999 Words   |  4 PagesIn Truman Capote’s non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, the Clutter family’s murderers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, are exposed like never before. The novel allows the reader to experience an intimate understanding of the murderer’s pasts, thoughts, and feelings. It goes into great detail of Smith and Hickock’s pasts which helps to explain the path of life they were walking leading up to the murder’s, as well as the thought’s that were running through their minds after the killings. Perry Smith wasRead MoreIn Cold Blood1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe book I chose to read and do my book journal on this quarter was In Cold Blood by Truman Capote. I really thought that this book was much longer than it really should have been, although it was still a fairly interesting book. The idea that someone you have never met and never heard about could rob and kill everyone in your house is a rather unnerving notion. In this book there is really only one part that I cannot figure out. Towards the end of the book Al Dewey one of the men responsibleRead MoreImagery in in Cold Blood876 Words   |  4 PagesTruly successful authors have the ability to convey their view of a place without actually saying it, to portray a landscape in a certain light simply by describing it. In the opening paragraphs of In Cold Blood, Truman Capote does just this. Through his use of stylistic elements such as selection of detail, imagery, and figurative language, Capote reveals his own solemn and mysterious view of Holcomb, Kansas, while setting the stage for an imminent change. Beginning in the first line of the passageRead MoreCold Blood by Truman Capote900 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1965, Truman Capote created the infamous tale known as â€Å"In Cold Blood†. The book created the illusion of fantasy while based on reality. Many people were floored at the brilliance Capote demonstrated within the pages. The book took the literary concept of a novel with the literary elements of designed scenes, characters, a story formed with an introduction, rising action, climax and resolution to the real events surrounding the murder of the Clutter family. Those that worked in the field ofRead MoreIn Cold Blood Authorial Intents1703 Words   |  7 PagesIn Cold Blood: Two Intents, One Novel On November 15, 1959, the whole nation was shocked by a ghastly murder involving four family members in the discrete farm town of Holcomb, Kansas. It was most shocking because a crime of this magnitude with no motive was rare. This was so discomforting a well known author, by the name of Truman Capote, moved to Holcomb to record the townspeople’s reaction to the tragedy. The idea of how they responded to the crime gave Capote the idea to write a book. In ColdRead MoreIn Cold Blood Book Review896 Words   |  4 Pagesand motives of complex crime, read Truman Capote’s â€Å"In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences.† If one scares easily, is squeamish or wants to avoid imagining a remorseless, brutal killer around every corner, do not. In his 1965 nonfiction novel, Capote paints a disturbingly vivid picture of the quadruple murder of the Clutters, a highly regarded and semi-wealthy farming family from Holcomb, Kansas. In Cold Blood examines the incentives and methods used by the killersRead MoreCold Blood By Truman Capote1322 Words   |  6 Pages In Cold Blood by Truman Capote would be a good, diverse addition to the ENG 3U course for many reasons, beginning with how the novel is non-fiction, but still manages to create a story line, while remaining appealing for the reason that it differs from most novels on course syllabus to the way the author can make you feel for the characters. In Cold Blood is a novel written about a real life event that happened in Holcomb, Kansas, 1959. A family of four is murdered in their house in cold bloodRead MoreCold Blood : The Trial Of The Century966 Words   |  4 PagesIn Cold Blood verses the Trial of the Century Timelines and storytelling are two of the important aspects of any trial which occurs in the American Courts. The story of â€Å"In Cold Blood† by Truman Capote’s original publication in a four part article in The New Yorker, In Cold Blood was turned into a movie, some would say a documentary of the mass murder, it mirrors the crime O.J. Simpson was accused of in many aspects as being brutal and deliberate but as in both instances the stories appear to bring

International Finance Importance of Forecasting

Question: Discuss about the case study International Finance for Importance of Forecasting. Answer: Introduction The aim of this particular study is to portray the importance of forecasting that can be used by the investors in order to help them in making decisions regarding investment. Moreover, it has been noted that this specified study helps in the evaluation of various kinds of models regarding forecasting that might help the investors in increasing the total return from their overall amount of investment. In addition to these, it can also be said that the particular study also guides to understand the comparison between the return which is created from USD/ AUD along with the method of normal distribution. Additionally, the implementation of the process of evaluation helps the novice to understand the present trend in the USD/ AUD efficiently and effectively in order to depict the decision regarding investment that can be adopted by most of the customers for increasing their total return amount (Gomes et al. 2013). In addition to this, the novice has used the data of the year 2003 for cre ating an accurate and authentic outcome. This might be useful for the novice to understand the trend of return distribution of USD/ AUD. Evaluation of the Distribution Method for USD/ AUD and Graphical Representation of its Return: Figure 1: The Continuous Return of USD/ AUD that Generated from the Year 2003 till Today (Source: Created by Author) The above graph indicates that the entire spontaneous return that has been given by USD/ AUD from the data and information of the year 2003 till present day. In addition to this, after the analysis of the entire figures it can be said that the USD/ AUD has a special type of approach for distribution that is known as non-symmetric approach of distribution. According to Okawa and Van Wincoop (2012), the return of stock is primarily considered as non-symmetric. Moreover, this stock return can also be counted as the basic rule for supply and demand that is able to lose its friction for the determination of the stock prices. Therefore, it can be said that the return offered by the USD/ AUD does not tracks the system of normal distribution. On the contrary, Mundy and Menashy (2014) stated that some of the inexperienced investors still use the statistical method of distribution for the identification of the opportunities within the share market that primarily raises the entire risk from the term of investment. Providing Evidence for the Distribution Method of the USD/ AUD by using the Normal Thumb Rule of 68-95-99.7: Mean Value -0.00849959 Value of Standard Deviation 0.84263895 Normal Rule of Thumb From To Total Numbers of observations At 68% of the rule -0.8511385 0.834139353 2588 At 95% of the rule -1.6937775 1.676778299 666 At 97.7% of the rule -2.5364164 2.519417245 109 Total 3363 Table 1: Illustrating the Return Distribution of USD/ AUD by Using the Normal Thumb Rule of 68-95-99.7 (Source: Created by Author) The above provided table primarily guides the novice to depict and also to compare the distribution of the return that has been provided through USD/ AUD. In addition to this, the above particular table is also useful for portraying the several numbers of observations which lies underneath the distribution of normal thumb rule of 68-95-99.7. Moreover, it has been found that about 2632 observations are under the rule of 68 %, around 636 observations are under the rule of 95 % and only 97 observations are under the rule of 97.7 %. Nevertheless, the overall value that has been used by the particular thumb rule of normal distribution is found to be 3363. This specified value is relatively lesser than the total numbers of observations that have been used during the calculations i.e. 3406. In addition to these, this specified evidence is considered as sufficient for understanding the concept and method of normal distribution that is the method of normal distribution is not implemented to t he distribution of return which is offered by USD/ AUD. Moreover, the particular thumb rule of normal distribution i.e. 68-95-99.7 normal thumb rule primarily distributes the information and data in the range, whether it has the characteristics of normal distribution or not. It has been found that as per Kalinowski (2012), the irregular distribution of return primarily helps the investors for using the growth model. This growth model helps in reducing the risk percentage from the total return. Opined to Tyson, Te Velde and Griffiths-Jones (2014), the return from the stock market is counted as predetermined than the entire trust of the investors that could be deduced and can also affect the capital markets liquidity. Analysis of the Graphical Differences between the Artificially Created and Actual Returns: Figure 2: Portraying the Differences between Artificial and Continues Returns (Source: Created by Author) The above graph indicates the difference between the actual and continuous return that is offered by the USD/ AUD from the data and information from the year 2013 till the present day. Moreover, the spontaneous compound return primarily helps to give enormous calculations of the return which is developed from a specified stock. Additionally, Isard, Razin and Rose (2012) stated that the spontaneous method of return primarily uses the LN function that is used in the particular stocks that have high beta in order to evaluate the overall return and the risks that are created due to volatility. Nevertheless, the normal return provides value based on the probability. It has been found that the relatively smaller investors evaluate the change percentages in the prices of certain shares that use the method of calculating cumulative return. On the contrary, ChiÃ…Â £u, Eichengreen and Mehl (2014) stated that most of the investors use the calculation of return on the basis of its own awaren ess that raises the exposure to risk in their portfolio. Portraying the Current Trend of USD/ AUD and Preparing Effective Strategies of Trading: Figure 3: Portraying the Current Trend of USD/ AUD (Source: Created by Author) The above graph indicates the entire movement of price of USD/ AUD from the year 2003 till present day. These data and figures generally help to evaluate the entire strategies that might be used for making enormous investment for next 30 days. Opined to Dincer and Eichengreen (2012), the investors primarily use the historical prices for evaluating the entire trend of the stock market and also to make a decision regarding an enormous amount of investment. In addition to these, the mean has been found to be -0.008499593 and the Standard Deviation (SD) have been found to be 0.84263895. These values primarily help to depict that the trend of USD/ AUD is currently a downtrend. Use of Adequate Hypothesis for Testing the Investment Decisions for Next 30 Days: Statistics of Regression Multiple R 0.308344642 R Square 0.095076418 Adjusted R Square 0.062757719 Standard Error 0.011841204 Interpretations 30 ANOVA CALCULATIONS df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.000412487 0.000412 2.941839 0.097361 Residual 28 0.003925995 0.00014 Total 29 0.004338483 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 1.3348033 0.002171362 614.7309 2.24E-59 1.330355 1.339251 1.330355 1.339251 X Variable 1 0.005799303 0.003381165 1.715179 0.097361 -0.00113 0.012725 -0.00113 0.012725 Table 2: Portraying the Calculation of Hypothesis for Analyzing the Trend of USD/ AUD (Source: Created by Author) This above table primarily helps in identifying the hypotheses calculation that is used for making sufficient decisions regarding investment. In addition to this, the entire hypotheses calculations primarily help to depict the initiation of the Sell Side traders that can be conducted by the investors. Moreover, the valuation of the entire hypotheses is conducted based on the previous 30 days in order to determine the opportunities in the short run period. This process is generally used by the investors. Additionally, the standard error has been found to be 0.011841204 that indicates the continuation of the downtrend in the USD/ AUD. Opined to Gray and Richard (2014), these hypotheses primarily help the investors in making several assumptions that might decrease the probability of risks from the investments. Prompting the Efficiency of FX Market through Random Walk Model and Autoregressive of Order 1 Model: The spontaneous return that is offered by the FX market can be evaluated efficiently from various types of return calculations and hypotheses. In addition to these, after the evaluation of the continuous return that developed from the data of the year 2003 to present days, it can be conducted that there are no important return provided to the investors. It has been found that the FX market does not have much fluctuation that might affect the return directly that is provided from various currencies. Moreover, with the help of Random Walk Model and Autoregressive of order 1 model the investors derive the movement of future price of USD/ AUD effectively. In addition to this, the Autoregressive of order 1 model primarily adds value and intercept that can be multiplied effectively with the closing price of the present day. As per Shim and Constas (2016), the methodology of forecasting primarily helps in identifying the future trends that might help to reduce the entire risk of the investm ent. Evaluation of Best Model that can be implemented for Forecasting the Future: Evaluating Random Walk Model Random Walk Model MSE RMSE MAE 0.00042 0.020390349 0.0180 Period A F Abs SQ error Error(A-F) 7/15/2016 1.311303 1.313400178 0.00209674 4.39633E-06 -0.0020967 7/18/2016 1.315789 1.312912562 0.00287691 8.27662E-06 0.00287691 7/19/2016 1.328198 1.312424945 0.01577269 0.000248778 0.01577269 7/20/2016 1.333156 1.311937329 0.02121825 0.000450214 0.02121825 7/21/2016 1.335648 1.311449713 0.02419874 0.000585579 0.02419874 7/22/2016 1.337614 1.310962097 0.0266516 0.000710308 0.0266516 7/25/2016 1.336005 1.310474481 0.02553086 0.000651825 0.02553086 7/26/2016 1.329257 1.309986864 0.01927008 0.000371336 0.01927008 7/27/2016 1.336541 1.309499248 0.02704178 0.000731258 0.02704178 7/28/2016 1.328904 1.309011632 0.01989202 0.000395693 0.01989202 Table 3: Portraying the Method of Forecast Random Walk Model (Source: Created by Author) Evaluating Autoregressive of order 1 model Autoregressive of order 1 model RMSE MAE MSE 0.026483887 -0.0258 0.00070 Period A F SQ error Abs Error(A-F) 7/15/2016 1.311303436 1.340891409 0.000875448 0.029587973 -0.029587973 7/18/2016 1.315789474 1.338253936 0.000504652 0.022464462 -0.022464462 7/19/2016 1.328197636 1.342832173 0.00021417 0.014634537 -0.014634537 7/20/2016 1.333155579 1.355495353 0.000499065 0.022339774 -0.022339774 7/21/2016 1.335648457 1.360555194 0.000620346 0.024906737 -0.024906737 7/22/2016 1.337613697 1.363099307 0.000649516 0.02548561 -0.02548561 7/25/2016 1.336005344 1.365104937 0.000846786 0.029099593 -0.029099593 7/26/2016 1.329256945 1.363463529 0.00117009 0.034206583 -0.034206583 7/27/2016 1.336541032 1.356576434 0.000401417 0.020035402 -0.020035402 7/28/2016 1.328903654 1.364010226 0.001232471 0.035106572 -0.035106572 Table 4: Portraying the Method of Forecast Autoregressive of order 1 model (Source: Created by Author) Both of these above tables i.e. Table 3 and Table 4 primarily helps to depict the methods of forecast - Random Walk Model and Autoregressive of order 1 model respectively. These particular models can be used for forecasting the trends of the future regarding USD/ AUD. Moreover, the Autoregressive of order 1 model has a negative MAE, so this can affect the entire process of future forecasting regarding USD/ AUD. However, it can be said that the Random walk model is considered as the most accurate or appropriate model for forecasting the future as it has a positive effect and positive values regarding RMSE, MAE and MSE. In addition to these, during the period of calculating the variance between the actual prices and the forecasted prices, it has been noted that primarily the RWM has depicted the nearest prediction value that might be used for the generation of higher return from the investment. Opined to Cafaggi and Miller (2013), due to the spontaneous volatility, it has been found th at the forecasted prices generally depict the entire trend that in turn raises the risk probability of the investors. Risk Assessment and Implications for the Investment on Daily Basis Particulars Value ($) Value of Portfolio 1000000 Average Return -0.037383246 Standard Deviation 0.000405447 Level of Confidence 0.99 Calculations Min Return with 99% probability -0.038326457 Portfolio Value 961673.5430 Value at Risk 38326.4570 Percentage Risk 3.83% Table 5: Evaluation of Investment Risk The Parametric Method (Source: Created by Author) The above table represents the calculation of parametric method by help of which the total amount of risk from the investment has been calculated and it is represented as $38326.4570. This particular type of method primarily implies that its implementation will result into 3.83 % of risk in terms of investment of around 1 million USD. Therefore, it can be said that the volatility of the financial market might increase the entire risk implications for the subsequent 90 days. Moreover, Philippon and Reshef (2013) stated that during the economic crisis, the forecasted prices might lose its friction and can also enhance the probability of risk regarding the entire portfolio. Figure 5: Evaluation of Investment Risk Historical Method (Source: Created by Author) Moreover, the above graph implies that the particular method of historical simulation is very useful for analyzing the investment risk effectively. In addition to this, it has been found that the entire risk lies within the range of 0.08909734 to 0.091654614. This range effectively depicts that both the minimum and maximum return can be developed from the investment of an amount of 1 million USD. Additionally, it can also be said that the maximum risk lies within the range of -0.009408956 to 0.018153836 that might affect the entire investment risk of an amount of 1 million USD. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that this particular study primarily helps in the process of evaluation of various kinds of investment strategies that can be used by the investors in order to make several decisions regarding investment. Moreover, it has been found that the Random Walk Model is considered as the accurate method for forecasting that might be used by the investors for making several decisions regarding investment. Additionally, it has been depicted that the entire risk evaluation could be organized through both historical and parametric simulation method. Finally, this study also depicts the present trend of USD/ AUD by using the hypothesis and harmonic method. References Gomes, S., Jacquinot, P., Mohr, M. and Pisani, M., 2013. Structural reforms and macroeconomic performance in the Euro Area countries: a modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based assessment.International Finance,16(1), pp.23-44. Okawa, Y. and Van Wincoop, E., 2012. Gravity in international finance.Journal of international Economics,87(2), pp.205-215. Mundy, K. and Menashy, F., 2014. Investing in private education for poverty alleviation: The case of the World Bank's International Finance Corporation.International Journal of Educational Development,35, pp.16-24. Tyson, J., Te Velde, D. and Griffiths-Jones, S., 2014. Current and Future Trends In International Finance To Developing Countries.London: ODI. Kalinowski, T., 2012. Regulating international finance and the diversity of capitalism.Socio-Economic Review, p.mws023. Isard, P., Razin, A. and Rose, A.K. eds., 2012.International finance and financial crises: essays in honor of Robert P. Flood, Jr. Springer Science Business Media. ChiÃ…Â £u, L., Eichengreen, B. and Mehl, A., 2014. History, gravity and international finance.Journal of International Money and Finance,46, pp.104-129. Dincer, N.N. and Eichengreen, B., 2012. The architecture and governance of financial supervision: Sources and implications.International Finance,15(3), pp.309-325. Gray, H.P. and Richard, S.C. eds., 2014.International finance in the new world order. Elsevier. Shim, J.K. and Constas, M., 2016.Encyclopedic dictionary of international finance and banking. CRC Press. Cafaggi, F. and Miller, G.P., 2013.The governance and regulation of international finance. Edward Elgar Publishing. Philippon, T. and Reshef, A., 2013. An international look at the growth of modern finance.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,27(2), pp.73-96.

Analysis Of Marketing Mix Of NAPCO Group †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Analysis Of Digital Marketing Mix Of The NAPCO Group? Answer: Introduction Digital marketing can be used a term that collectively includes all the marketing activities that are done utilizing the technology. It uses digital channels such as social media to market its products. Todays organisation utilise digital marketing to achieve new heights of success. The major motive of digital marketing is to create brand awareness and engaging the customers. Social media promotions have turned out to be the most important and productive medium of digital communications. This report deeply analyses digital marketing mix of an Saudi Arabian company NAPCO group which deals in packaging. It also studies the marketing mix of its competitor firm. The report involves recommendations for the company that could be taken for the betterment of the digital marketing mix. About NAPCO: Company Overview: NAPCO is one of the leading manufacturing groups in Saudi Arabia. As seen in the appendix the company has well designed , simple and attractive logo. The company has its headquarters in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. NAPCO is a commercial organization working to maximize its profits. Today the company conducts its business around the globe and it is one of the top ranked companies of Middle East. The group owns 10 companies with over 5540 employees. It basically deals in three strategic segments consumer products, flexible packaging, and paper containers. (NAPCO 2017). From the appendix it can be seen that NAPCOs consumer products brands range from baby care products to family care and household products. NAPCOs brands are licensed from INDEVCO. NAPCOs flexible packaging segment serves the Europen, GCC, Middle East in African markets. This segment consists of 7 companies situated in Dammam and Jeddah in Saudi. The paper container segments serve European, GCC and Levant markets. This section p roduces a wide range of corrugated containers to serve the needs of various industries. The major competitors of the company are FIPCO, Saudi Pack, Al Sharq Flexible Packaging Factories, Al-Ghadeer Group, Saudi Arabian Packaging Industry WLL, Noor Carton Packaging Industry and Gulf Packaging Industries Ltd. The customer base of the company includes both B2B and B2C companies. The companys current digital marketing practices include responsive website design and social media presence. The company is does not have well developed digital marketing activities it is working in this field to enhance its digital marketing and grasp more opportunities. The company is a popular name in the Middle East. Three opportunities: Middle East is on the verge of digital revolution. Digitalisation has increased with high smart phone adoption rate and increased use of social media. The Middle East companies are ready to lead digitally enhanced lives. Although businesses and government have still not exploited those opportunities (Elmasry, Benni, Patel, Jan and Moore 2016).Three opportunities presented by changes in external environment- Online Audience Optimization Will Become Mainstream This is the most emerging opportunity in Saudi markets. This technology will replace the old search engine optimization. The new SEO trend would provide a better way to target the potential customers (Albhaishi, Wahsheh and Alghamdi 2014). The online audience optimization will encourage the target audience participation by social media networks, innovative and creative blogs and informative online articles. This technology will help not only in advertising but also effectively integrates mobile strategy (Lee, Jalali and Dasdan 2013). This is a kind of new digital platform is an emerging opportunity for NAPCO group. It can implement this technology. This technology provides the benefits of linking to the potential clients more effectively and efficiently. Mobile friendly content The use of mobile phones has increased worldwide. More and more people now own a smart phone. This provides the businesses and opportunity to do their marketing and reach to the potential customers through smartphones. According to a report, 90 per cent of the sales of the connected device will be smartphones and tablets by 2020 (Lunden 2015). To exploit best from this opportunity the companies should provide a mobile friendly content on their websites. Also, they should approach their customers utilizing this technology. It is necessary to provide a great experience to the customers that are browsing companys websites through mobile phones. It provides benefits of enhanced customer relation, maintaining a constant touch with the customer and gets more genuine clients than the competitors (prolines 2015). Arabic content marketing in Saudi Arabia Another opportunity is available in the field of content marketing. To exploit this opportunity company must publish high quality and informative content on popular websites (Jrvinen and Taiminen 2016). For Saudi markets optimizing unique Arabic content will help the firm to attract more B2B customers. The Arabic content marketing strategies such as press releases, blog posts, articles, newsletters etc. will help to reach millions of customers. This will ultimately enhance the profitability of the firm (prolines 2015). The importance of being customer focused: In todays era customer is considered as the king of the market. Todays customer does not rely only on to a single firm. He has a variety of options available in the market. The customer does not rely only on the company website and marketing force for getting information about the products of the customer (So, King, Sparks, and Wang, 2013). The customer has various other sources such as review sites, blogs, and social media to gain information about strengths and weakness of the product. Todays customers have complete control over the buying process. Therefore todays marketers need to develop effective digital marketing strategies to create an outstanding experience for its customers. The customers now are now well informed and they have various choices therefore if the company does not want to lose its customers it needs to be customer focused. Right digital marketing strategies can only be developed if the company is customer focused. It is also very important to analyze customer b ehavior if the company uses customer behavior statistics it will be able to create hyper specific digital marketing strategies. The companys digital marketing strategies will only be successful if it helps customers to discover the value. To make the appropriate digital marketing strategies for the customers it is required to get insights about customer behavior so that the ideal experience in terms of customers can easily be predicted. NAPCO should identify different needs of its customers both for the B2B segment and B2C segments. This will help the company to build different digital marketing strategies that will effective strive at each of the segments. Also, it needs to develop different digital marketing strategies for markets of Europe, Middle East, Africa and GCC. Consumers in every market have different characteristics and analysis of these character tics is necessary to develop effective marketing strategies. Analyzing consumer behavior is more important for determining ef fective digital marketing activities because it gives the ideas about the trend in the market (Polizzi 2016). Example: 80% of targeted customers use smartphone they are tech savvy, will help the firm to develop digital marketing strategies taking smartphone as an important tool. Therefore, importance of being customer focused and understanding the consumer behaviour for developing effective digital marketing strategies cannot be neglected. Digital Marketing Mix Digital marketing mix of NAPCO How company uses digital marketing across marketing mix The digital marketing mix of NAPCO can be categorized into 4Ps. The digital marketing mix is simply an adoption of traditional marketing mix it is impacted the growing use of the internet. Four Ps of NAPCOs marketing mix are: The company has expanded its product portfolio. Initially, the company just manufactured just paper products but now the company has expanded its product portfolio to consumer products, flexible packaging, and paper containers. The effective product can only be developed by using technology and conducting online surveys (Gruner, Homburg and Lukas 2014). These online surveys helped the firm to know what customers actually want and saves the time and efforts. NAPCO also does research and development using technology. Online sources have given the firms access to know how much the product actually costs and they can also really know the prices of the competitors. NAPCO does not make use of online sources to determine the prices of the products. It has adopted the value based pricing strategy and prices are quoted according to the value that it provides to the customers (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker, and Brennan 2015). Companys products are available in the Middle East, European and African market. The company takes orders online but it does not have a well-established e-commerce website. It takes B2B orders through emails. The company does not take retails orders online. The company also do not have a proper product catalog with prices on its website. It just sends the catalog to its regular customers. The company makes an effective use of digital marketing activities for the promotion of its products. Apart from the traditional sources such as TV, Radio and print media, it is using various other sources for promotion. The company is shifting its focus from traditional promotional sources to digital marketing. It is using social media, content writing and providing a responsive website to its customers. The digital marketing mix of the company demonstrates although the company is effectively using digital media in research, development and promotional activities it is not using it effectively to determine the price. The customers of the company also expect an online e-commerce website so that it becomes easy to shop for the products but currently the company does not hold any such website. The company should make more effective use of digital marketing to stand up to the customer expectations. Digital marketing mix of Gulf packaging Ltd: Gulf packaging Ltd is the competitor of the company. The digital marketing mix of Gulf packaging is given below: The firm does not have wide product portfolio. It produces all types of BOPP films (gulfpack 2015). The product portfolio of NAPCO is much wider than the Gulf packaging. The company works in its selected portfolio and does not use technology for further research and development. The firm uses the technology to fix the prices of its products. It constantly monitors the prices of its competitors and the market trends and frames its prices accordingly. It charges different prices in the different nation by drawing information about each of the nations. This helps the firms to generate more profits. The firm sells its products in Europe, North America, and the Middle East. This firm does not accept online orders they accept the big orders from the regular customers over the phone. The company do not provide product catalog to the customers over the website it sends the quotation for different products over the email, on demand. South American Commercial premises of the company are responsible for marketing and promotional activities. The company is engaged in traditional promotional activities basically using print media. The company does not use much digital marketing activities from the promotion. But recently the company has opted for social media marketing as a promotional activity. Gulf packaging Ltd does not make effective use of digital marketing. It has used technology for deciding the process of its products and also uses social media marketing for the promotion of its products. The digital marketing mix of the company is not well developed. The firm does not sell its products online. The digital marketing mix of the company is just in the growing phase. How digital marketing mix could be improved: The digital marketing mix of the company is can be improved in various ways. It can be improved if a company the company learns few things from its competitors. The company should use technology for determining the prices of its products. It should learn from its competitors they use the same strategy to earn its profits. Also, the NAPCO is in the beginning phase of digital marketing. The company should engage in activities such as press releases, use LinkedIn profile this will help to build a network and attract more B2B customers (Hannouz 2015). The customers of the company expect an online website for buying and selling of products. The company should pay attention to this expectation and offer its products for sale online. The other measures that can help the firm to improve its digital marketing strategy are finding creative ways for customer acquisition by using digital media. The company should utilize its data efficiently to create a personalized experience for its customers web analytics solution can help the company in collecting and analyzing the data. The firm is already engaged in social media marketing activities, the firm can make use of live streaming to develop its digital market mix. Live streaming is the recent trend in digital marketing but the content chosen in live streaming should be really brainstorming (Shoolian 2017). Another way in which firm can effectively use the ephemeral content. Now a days websites such as Instagram, snap chat, and Facebook provide the opportunity to upload data that automatically disappear after a set time period. This can help the companies to upload special offers and deals. Digital Marketing Plan SMART objectives of the company: SMART objectives of the company can be defined as the goals which are specific, measurable, actionable, relevant and time bound (Bjerke and Renger 2017). The two objectives for the company to enhance online customer experience are: Achieve online 10% online revenue contribution within 2 years To increase the online revenue by 10% NAPCO needs to work very hard. First of all, it needs to set up its e-commerce website. The company needs to take feedbacks from the customers about the website and make all the possible changes required. The company needs to effectively manage the delivery time so that the orders are reached to the customers within the time range. The companies should also provide a column for customized orders from the customers. The next step is spreading awareness in the customers about the online availability of products using the digital media for advertisement. The company should also provide some offers at the initial stage when the website is launched. All this will help the company to achieve 10%online revenue contribution. Increase the brand awareness by making at least 500 twitter followers to 1000 within a year To increase the brand awareness of NAPCOs product the company needs to increase the number of followers on twitter. It needs to achieve the target of 1000 followers within a year.Twitter is a powerful business tool and could be a great help if utilized optimally (Moody 2016). There are many ways NAPCO can increase the number of followers on twitter by using tools such as Hootshoot and Sproutsocial. NAPCO can also use Twiends to find the new users whom the company can connect. Another strategy that can be adopted by the company to increase the number of followers on twitter is following more people because there is a correlation between numbers of people followed and the number of followers (Demers 2015). The above two stated are SMART objectives that should be the key targets of the company to develop the digital marketing mix. The company should lay emphasis on enhancing customer experience. Recommended digital marketing mix of the company: Suggested digital marketing mix for NAPCO to improve its online customer experience: Product The company has wide product portfolio. It can enhance its portfolio by using technology for research and development. It can use integrated tool set for SEO, email and lead intelligence tools to get consumer information and design more customized product to satisfy individual customer demands. Price The firm operates on value based pricing strategy. To earn more profits the company should use technology to determine the appropriate prices. NAPCO should constantly obtain upgraded data by using information technology to gain information about prices of the competitors and current market trends. The company y needs to sell its products on an online platform. The company should sell its products on the online website to reach a large number of customers. The company can use online network partners to enhance the availability of products at various products (Lien, Wu, Chien, and Lee 2017). The company uses digital marketing activities such as social media marketing. The company should adopt more digital marketing promotional activities such as innovative and creative blogs, search marketing Pay-per-click advertising (PPC), Affiliate marketing and email marketing. People are the main aspect for the success of every company. The company needs to hire some specialist from the field of computers and digital marketing. It also needs to provide training to its staff about successfully implementing digital marketing processes in the organization (Parmenter 2015) There is the need to effectively manage old processes and implement some new processes needs to be implemented. The company needs to implement a new process to start the online sale of its new products. It needs to effectively manage the product delivery process to ensure that goods are delivered within the stipulated time (Stadtler 2015). The suggested changes will also help to attain the above stated two SMART objectives for the company the changes made should help to increase the number of followers and also increasing the online revenue generations these changes are directly related to the Smart objectives. These tactical activities will provide direct benefits to the consumer and thus help to improve online customer experience. Measure to monitor and control recommended marketing mix The company can monitor and control the recommended marketing mix by various metrics and methods. The company can use Google analytics to monitor and control the recommended marketing mix. This tool provides a huge summary of data related to your website (Cain 2012). NAPCO can analyze this data on the weekly or monthly basis to analyze the effectiveness of the recommended marketing mix. For example data about people that visit the website will help to monitor the trend about brand awareness. Another effective method is designing a response-attribution infrastructure to support all channels. Digital marketing mix uses multiple channels, therefore, campaign hierarchy must account for each channel along with the appropriate roll-ups so that measurement aligns with business goals (Ewald and Krishnamurthy 2009). It includes developing a framework to measure each and every step is monitored individually. The company can also use automated tools for analytics and visual reporting. Nowadays there are a variety of tools available in the market that help to regularly track selected metrics. NAPCO can get access to these tools and effectively analyze its reports regarding the operations. The recommended digital marketing mix for NAPCO has suggested changes in the process by using the latest technology these changes can be effectively monitored if the company uses the automated tools. Their company can monitor and control the effects and performance of recommended marketing mix but there is no set unit of measurement for this. Although the measurement can be done on the basis of ROI and online revenues this will only provide with the estimates, not the exact figures (Holloman 2014). This is because the recommended marketing mix involves both qualitative and quantitates terms. After implementing the recommended marketing mix the company should analyse its ROI and online revenues time to time to know the effectiveness of the process. Conclusion It can be concluded that NAPCO does not have a well-developed digital marketing mix. The company is in its beginning phase regarding the use of technology in marketing. It has grown tremendously but now it has come to a stagnant position. Its customers now demand online selling of products. The company only takes online orders that also through emails, but not it needs to set up its e commerce website for growing further. The company already uses social media marketing but now it needs to design and use social media marketing campaigns more creatively. The company has already adopted the path of digital marketing, now it just needs to make some recommendations efforts to achieve the corporate excellence. References Albhaishi, A., Wahsheh, H. and Alghamdi, T., 2014, May. Evaluating Web Ranking Metrics for Saudi Universities. InZaytoonah University International Engineering Conference on Design and Innovation in Sustainability 2014(No. 156988). Zaytoonah University, Amman, Jordan. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bjerke, M.B., and Renger, R., 2017. Being smart about writing SMART objectives.Evaluation and program planning,61, pp.125-127. Cain, K., 2012. Measuring Marketing Effectiveness: 6 Metrics You Need to Track, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/2012/10/measuring-marketing-effectiveness-metrics/ Demers, J. 2015. 50 Free Ways To Increase Your Twitter Followers, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemers/2015/06/17/50-free-ways-to-increase-your-twitter-followers/#6d92ab9525a8 Edward, B., and Krishnamurthy, R. 2009. Five Essential Strategies for Measuring Marketing Effectiveness, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://www.marketingprofs.com/9/essential-strategies-measuring-marketing-effectiveness-krishnamurthy-ewald.asp Elmasry, T., Benni, E., Patel, J. and Moore, J.M., 2016. Digital Middle East: Transforming the region into a leading digital economy, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=4cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj6pcDRkL3VAhVIFpQKHecwAjkQFghFMAMurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mckinsey.com%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fmckinsey%2Fglobal%2520themes%2Fmiddle%2520east%2520and%2520africa%2Fdigital%2520middle%2520east%2520transforming%2520the%2520region%2520into%2520a%2520leading%2520digital%2520economy%2Fdigital-middle-east-final-updated.ashxusg=AFQjCNHioXhFY692mS_Qwa6hkBT6UiXYVg Gruner, R.L., Homburg, C. and Lukas, B.A., 2014. Firm-hosted online brand communities and new product success.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.29-48. Gulfpack, 2017. Welcome to gulf packaging industries ltd website,viewed on 5 August from https://gulfpack.com.sa/ Hannouz, M., 2015. Three Ways to Improve Your Digital Marketing Strategy, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://blogs.adobe.com/digitalmarketing/campaign-management/three-ways-to-improve-your-digital-marketing-strategy/ Holloman, C., 2014.The Social Media MBA Guide to Roi: How to measure and improve your return on investment. John Wiley Sons. Jrvinen, J. and Taiminen, H., 2016. Harnessing marketing automation for B2B content marketing.Industrial Marketing Management,54, pp.164-175. Lee, K.C., Jalali, A. and Dasdan, A., 2013, August. Real time bid optimization with smooth budget delivery in online advertising. InProceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Data Mining for Online Advertising(p. 1). ACM. Lien, C.H., Wu, J.J., Chien, S.H. and Lee, C.Y., 2017. Anxious Attachment, Relational Embeddedness, Trust, Co-production, and Performance: An Empirical Study in Online Business-to-Business Relationships.Telematics and Informatics. Lunden, I., 2015. 6.1 b smartphone users globally by 2020, overtaking basic fixed phone subscriptions.Techcrunch. com. Moody, A., 2016. How To Set Digital Marketing Objectives, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://cariadmarketing.com/digital-marketing-objectives/ NAPCO, 2017. About NAPCO group, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://www.napcogroup.com/#works Parmenter, D., 2015.Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley Sons. Polizzi, M., 2016. Why Your Brand Needs a Customer-Focused Marketing Strategy, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://www.brandfolder.com/blog/customer-focused-marketing-strategy/ Prolines, 2015. 8 Top Online Marketing Trends in Saudi Arabia 2015, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://blog.prolines.sa/marketing-trends-in-saudi-arabia-2015/ Prolines, 2015. Digital Marketing Service Boost Your Business Online in Saudi Arabia, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://blog.prolines.sa/saudi-arabia-digital-marketing/ Shaoolian, G., 2017. 5 Digital Marketing Ideas That Could Improve Your Brand Growth in 2017. The Forbes, viewed on 4 August 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/gabrielshaoolian/2017/01/11/5-digital-marketing-ideas-that-could-improve-your-brand-growth-in-2017/#686c26a92015 So, K.K.F., King, C., Sparks, B.A. and Wang, Y., 2013. The influence of customer brand identification on hotel brand evaluation and loyalty development.International journal of hospitality management,34, pp.31-41. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Johnsonville Sausage Essay Example

Johnsonville Sausage Essay Johnsonville Sausage – Quality Improvement through Change Situation Post 1980, Ralph Stayer began to observe decline in quality due to inattention of the workers as well as ill-maintenance of the equipment in the production unit. With the help of Mr. Lee Thayer, Stayer has planned to implement a major change in the company’s philosophy. Transition from old philosophy purged Stayer’s responsibilities of decision making by decentralizing the power of decision making. The new philosophy was implemented to bring out changes in various departments of the company viz. management structure, personnel, compensation, manufacturing and also systems and controls. According to Thayer’s new philosophy, performance of the personnel and requirement of guidance to personnel to achieve their objectives were the key elements. Management structure was broken down by hiring experienced personnel for the new superior level management to oversee finance, marketing and operation s functions. Stayer emphasized people development as the core element of the new philosophy. Changes in personnel include development of list of responsibilities by the workers themselves and eliminating the performance review process. These changes in personnel function led changes in compensation with the implementation of â€Å"company performance share† program which increased individual responsibility of workers. However this transition was not in agreement among workers while some are excited about it. In terms of manufacturing changes, lead persons were installed at various departments, eliminating supervisors, to seek information and provide necessary measures to train and improve capacities of workers under designated group. Responsibilities of lead person also include development of budget planning and production requirement planning. Job switching and alternating works were practiced to enrich workers’ capabilities and enhance performance and also job satisfaction. System and controls changes included individuals to develop and be accountable for their own budgets and forecasts and also allow them to analyze performance data. In addition, subordinates were needed to self-evaluate their performance to respective managers. Problem The main issue of the case is the resistance shown by the personnel towards the company’s philosophy transition. According to Stayer, upon implementation of new philosophy, workers at all level were expected to embrace the change. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnsonville Sausage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Johnsonville Sausage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Johnsonville Sausage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instead, the company faced issues related to the final goal of the implementation, unsuccessful organization structural changes, clash of responsibilities among the workers, participation of less number of employees in the company decision making process and finally lack of high job satisfaction. However, these issues were expected to expire once the transition is complete. Palmer Sausage offered its consolidated business to Johnsonville but the issue here was whether Stayer could handle an expanded Palmer contract. Stayer examined the situation by understanding that in order to run the contract the company would require to recruit and train a big set of people along with existing people acquiring new skills and retain high quality on both the in-house and Palmer products. In order to achieve this, Johnsonville needs to run the production six or seven days a week for more than a year until its new plant was ready. On the other hand, the company may need to run the business at risk i. e. , if Palmer canceled the contract with 30-day prior notice leaves Johnsonville not only with massive layoffs and but also huge inventory with no market for it. Analysis As the year 1980 folded, Stayer recognizes to restructure his management structure for the growing company. Stayer also realized that there was decline in the quality of the products and employees were also demotivated to work. Later on, in collaboration with Thayer Lee, Stayer has planned to implement new philosophy which is focused on performance and helps people accomplish their objectives through well-defined job descriptions, clear understanding on performance standards, and providing the required resources. Johnsonville’s new values are based on deep moral commitment to the individual. The main aim of the transition is to augment people capacities, rather than the business. Stayer changed view of his autocratic leadership to a role as a leader delegating his subordinates rather than directing them. Furthermore, the new philosophy also motivated each worker to commit to the company’s betterment. Upon full transition, Stayer expects to create an atmosphere of constant learning and development. The transition also supports creativity, encourages responsibility, and empowers employees to develop solutions rather than simply follow orders. Over the period of time, the company’s organizational structure was transformed in support to the new culture of worker empowerment. Autocratic management was decentralized in order to become more democratic. Conventional management position were replaced by lead persons and their teams who controlled their own compensation, hiring, firing, quality control, and near-and long-term company goals. Several ground-breaking solutions were instigated and evaluated and each member of the company was involved for the company’s success. Moreover, a rewarding compensation system was implemented to retain employees and hone their skills and performance. Over-the-time, Stayer had achieved a complete organizational transformation successfully. In terms of Palmer’s offer, Stayer has two recommendations – either he can accept or decline to take over the Palmer’s business. If Stayer had taken over the business, they might have the advantages of the opportunity for growth and additional revenue. On this regard, private label business offers a 25% return on assets. Contrariwise, the deal clashes with Johnsonville’s recent business strategy which prevents the company to push private label business over 15%. The company could compete for capital with the rest of the business once it crosses 15%. In addition to this, the company, while in contract with Palmer, is producing at huge capacity utilization. If the deal is on then the company might need to execute two long shifts for six or seven days a week in order to process the new business. Recommendation At this stand-off point, Johnsonville could be advised to accept Palmer’s deal which help the former to tap the revenue and growth opportunities. Stayer’s Johnsonville should continue to implement its new philosophy in a way that it does not affect the previous work-culture. During the agreement, Stayer should continue to involve employees in the decision making process to accept the private label business and planning to handle the additional workload as well. Apart from this, Stayer is required to motivate his teams to meet for evaluating staffing requirements, production and quality goals. With the involvement of workers and assigning responsibility for the important decisions, Stayer will help secure their buy-in for tackling the challenges ahead.

Nihilism in Garders Grendel essays

Nihilism in Garders Grendel essays Nihil ex nihilo, I always say(Gardner 150). These are the words of the infamous Grendel from the novel, titled that same character, by John Gardner. They represent the phrase life itself is meaningless which is taught to Grendel by a few different people throughout this novel. In the following essay, the explanation of this phrase, the way Grendel learns about nihilism, and how Grendel develops the concept of nihilism, as it is known, will be discussed. First, we attack the nihilism itself. What is Nihilism? Well, this is one of the main components of the book. It means life itself is meaningless. What is meant by that phrase is that anything you do or decide to do, means nothing. For example, if you make a huge decision that you think will affect you for the rest of your life, according to a nihilist it means nothing. To them, it will all turn out how it is supposed to turn out and that is that. Nihilism also refers to people who do not believe they should be told how to live their life by the government. One major example of a nihilism uprise was in Russia during the 1860s. During this decade, nihilism was primarily a rejection of tradition and authoritarianism in favor of rationalism and individualism. In Laments terms, live your lives how you want to live it and do not let anyone tell you how. In the novel, Grendel first learns this theory indirectly from the hypocrisy of man. This starts in chapter three where Grendel is observing man for the very first time. He watches in horror as they fight and scream over land and treasure. After all of this nonsense and chaos, they still have the nerve to make speeches about how honorable or great they or their king is, even though they still kill one another. This is an early sign in the book of the hypocrisy of man. From chapter three: Terrible threats, from the few ...

Should animal be used for experimentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should animal be used for experimentation - Essay Example The use of animals in laboratory experiments has its advantages and disadvantages. Although a lot of animal rights activists believe and argue that it is not justifiable nor it is ethical on the part of humans to cause harm to the animals in exchange of improving the life span of human beings, I strongly believe that the benefit of using these animals in medical research purposes significantly outweighs the socio-economic consequences as being protested by the animal rights activists. Even though the use of animals in laboratory testing can be perceived as an act of cruelty, it is undeniable that the end-result of using animals in laboratory experimentation has significantly improved the quality and efficiency of medicine in terms of searching for effective medicine in treating human illnesses and prolonging the lives of each human being. During the past few decades, the use of these animals in medical experiments has contributed a lot in terms of enhancing the available medicine tha t is being used to cure a long list of diseases including diabetes and leprosy among others.

Networking Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Networking - Term Paper Example In this situation, computer networking becomes essential for the company. However, a computer network is basically a set of computers connected through cable or other media so that they can share resources, communicate, and distribute information. Normally, a computer network is categorized into three categories: local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), and wide area network (WAN) (Nash 5; Kimbleton and Schneider). However, selection of a network structure depends on the corporations needs. This paper presents a detailed analysis of wide area network (WAN). This paper will outline WAN structure, its uses, advantages and protocols. To understand the structure of wide area network it is necessary to know about other two categories of networks: (Nash 25-27; Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 471; Hutchinson and Sawyer 4.25; Forouzan and Fegan 14-15) A local area network is implemented to connect computers and devices within a small physical area for instance, school computer laboratory, home, office building or closely located set of buildings. In view of the fact that LANs cover limited geographical area thus high-speed media such as cables can be utilized to connect the computers. Additionally, since the high class media is used to connect the computers thus only some or no problems are emerged on the network. Moreover, since the LANs take small area thus the prices of equipment are somewhat cheap. Second class of networks is metropolitan area network (MAN), which is a high-speed network that is used to establish connection between local area networks in a metropolitan area for instance, a city or town and deals with the communication activity within the area. Since, MANs cover more wide area as compared to LANs thus they are slower than LANs however typically have a small number of errors on the network. Moreover, a MAN requires special equipment for connecting the different LANs together, thus

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 24

Art - Essay Example Mary Lin emerged as the winner and her victory surprises everyone including herself. Maya Lin’s design was V-shaped, having a sunken wall of black stone, with the names of all those killed in the war engraved in a chronological or sequential order, (Binyon L., 2010). â€Å"She designed the memorial in a manner to enhance easy searching of the loved one,† explained Binyon. Lin stated, â€Å"Searching out a loved one, a mourner will walk along the monument and find the name among the 57661 listed.† Her explanation for its fulfilling of the contest is that she wanted to illustrate a journey. A journey that would enable the mourner experience death and he or she could never fully be with the dead. â€Å"Lin’s statement and design is an affront,† a small group protested (Binyon L., 2010). They want to change the color of the wall to white and to include an eight-foot-high sculpture of wounded soldiers and a flag at the Centre of the wall. However, Lin refutes the changes as they have ill motives. Therefore, the Commission of Fine Arts p rovides a remedy by stating that the wall will remain black, but it will have the statue and the flag at the side. Hagopian stated, â€Å"Memorial would be completed despite the strong conservative resistance to Lin’s design.† (Hagopian P., 2009). The Vietnam’s Memorial was dedicated on Veterans’ Day and Maya Lin with Lyn being the winner of the design. Hagopian P. (2009). The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the politics of healing.

The Impact Of Innovation

The Impact Of Innovation In this assignment, the importance of innovation and the impact that it has in successful companies will be discussed. Theories and examples of innovation will be shown as well as relevant information about apples history and detailed product information. Also it will be debated the importance that Innovation have had in Apple company. A SWOT analysis of Apple will be presented as additional information. Topics as Leadership and Change management are included due to its high relationship with the performance of a company and its direction in a long term, in this case is Apple the chosen company. Literature review 1. INTRODUCTION Throughout history the concept of innovation has been debated. Since the time of classical economists this issue has been present, even in the current age. Also important authors have highlighted innovation as essential for the socio-economic that is why it is relevant to study this phenomenon. Innovation is one of the key factors for companies that want to compete in an increasingly international and global market. But to qualify for that capacity, companies must invest in knowledge, structure, research and a good strategy to enable them to decide, from the beginning, who they want to become. There are many definitions about the term innovation and numerous theoretical contributions around this phenomenon. The term innovate comes from the Latin etymology innovare that mean change or alter things by introducing new features (Medina Salgado Espindola and Espinosa 1994). Innovation is the production, assimilation and successful exploitation of novelty in the economic and social environment 1.2 DEFINITIONS OF INNOVATION Innovation is the process of integrating existing technology and inventions to create or improve a product, a process or a system. Innovation in an economic sense is the consolidation of a new product, process or system improvement (Freeman, C., 1982) Innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurs (Peter Drucker 1985) The act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth (Peter Drucker 1985). Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower (Steve Jobs 2005) Joseph Schumpeter defined innovation in a general sense, took into account different cases of change to be considered as a innovation. These are: the market introduction of a new good or new class of goods, the use of a new source of raw materials (both product innovation), the incorporation of a new production method not experienced in a particular sector or a new way of dealing commercially a new product (process innovation), or market innovation which is the establishment of a new market structure (Joseph Schumpeter 1935) 2. TYPES OF INNOVATION There are three main types of innovation Product Innovation It is the market introduction of a new technology product (whose technological characteristics differ significantly from previous products) or significantly improved (previously existing whose performance has been improved or greatly improved) Process Innovation Is the adoption of new production methods or significantly improved. Can be use to produce or deliver technologically new or improved products, which cannot be produced or delivered using conventional methods of production, also it could increase primarily the efficiency of production. Organizational Innovation It is the introduction of changes in the forms of management of the establishment. There are new changes in the organization and management process, incorporating new organizational structures 2.1 INNOVATION MODELS There are several innovation models, which 4 of them are common and relevant Linear model The linear model of innovation is an interpretation of the act of innovation, outdated but is still applied in many cases. This model is a way of theorizing the logical sequence of the process that results in innovation. Sequence is too rigid to describe a process that depends not only on science / technology or market to initialize the generation of innovations. The strict separation between invention, innovation and marketing does not accurately represent the dynamics of innovation today. The linear model is a first generation model, and only takes into account the thrust of science / technology or market pull (concepts 50-60-70 years) as a means to begin the process of innovation Open model Open model Innovation is a new innovation strategy in which companies get innovation that comes from outside the companys internal boundaries. This term was coined by Henry Chesbrough, who in his book Open Innovation, proposes to open the creative processes of innovation, in order to get innovative ideas from any source, whether internal or external to the company, and not only from the areas dedicated to the business activity Open Innovation means combining internal knowledge with external professional cooperation. Thus, research centers as well as universities, experts and other companies offer solutions to companies of what is known as collective intelligence. This will break new ground, contacts, opportunities, where innovative ideas flow freely from any source Teece model Teece proposes a model that takes into account two factors that are important to profit from innovation: ease of imitation (imitability) and complementary assets. The imitability can come of intellectual property, protection of technology or the fact that imitators have no powers to mimic the technology. Complementary assets are beyond the capabilities-technology that the firm needs to exploit (manufacturing, marketing, redistribution channels, service, reputation, brand and complementary technologies) Blue ocean- The author focuses on the need to put aside destructive competition between companies if you want to be a winner in the future, expanding the horizons of the market and create value through innovation. the author differentiates two most common competitive situations in any industry: blue oceans and red oceans. Red oceans represent all the industries that exist today, while blues symbolize business ideas currently unknown. In red oceans industries limits are well defined and are accepted as they are. The more competitors there are, the benefits and growth opportunities diminish, products are standardized to the maximum and competition becomes bloody. By contrast blue oceans are characterized by the creation of markets in areas that are not currently exploited, and that create opportunities for sustained profitable growth and long-term 3. INNOVATIVE COMPANIES This are some examples of successful companies Huawei The Chinese company based in Shenzhen has reached the second position as a provider of telecommunications equipment, ahead of Alcatel Lucent and Nokia. He recently defeated by Nokia Siemens and Ericsson 4G system contract in Norway. This year has reached its global market share to 20%. Apple Apple company has won the award in the categories of gadgets and music. In less than two years, their App Store and sells more than 140,000 applications, and users have downloaded 3 billion to them. He has also continued to develop its iTunes music unit with organic growth and acquisitions as Lala. He has also been able to control an increasingly fiercer distribution channels Google Google has come out victorious in the mobile category (with a 86% share of searches) and video (where YouTube is the top server). Google has been a exelent company to launch new products, as Smartphone Nexus One, Android, operates the largest digital library market . First Solar For years, the race of the global photovoltaic industry has been to minimize the cost of energy production in order to compete with other energy sources. First Solar was the first company to lower the barrier to a dollar per watt, and by the end of 2009 was $ 0.85 Novartis The Swiss drug maker is a constant generator of ideas, after focusing its R D in rare diseases and vaccine development. The Food and Drug Administration has approved no less than nine new drugs last year. refeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee environmental effect it can be define the organizational environment as all the elements that significantly influence the daily operations of the company, dividing them into two: micro environment and macro environment. Microenvironment This consists in real people and organizations with whom they interact with the company. Among the main ones include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Customers: constituted by groups of persons or institutions who buy the goods and use the services of the organization. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Providers: Providers are company specific, both information and funding, as the raw material that the company needs to operate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Competition: specific companies that offer goods and services identical or similar to the same groups of customers or clients. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ regulators: who are the agencies and government representatives at the local, state and national laws that punish and regulations affecting business operations within a given country. macroenvironment: understand the social forces that affect the whole microenvironment and includes demographic forces, economic, natural, technological, political, cultural and competitive. Competitive environment, every company must take into account its size and position in the industry with respect to its competitors. To survive, a company must meet the needs and desires of consumers better than does the competition. Economic environment: involves factors affecting purchasing power and spending patterns of consumers. Purchasing power depends on income, prices, savings and credit of the moment Technological environment: the most dramatic force that shapes our destiny is technology. Political environment: consists of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence and limit the activities of various organizations and individuals in society. Cultural Environment: includes institutions and other forces affecting the valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, perceptions, preferences and behaviors of society LIDERSHIP Leadership has been defined as the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for the achievement of the objectives of the group. By group we mean a small group, a sector of the organization, an organization. What matters is the organizational leadership in the field. From this definition arise two key areas of leadership: 1) The intellectual process of thinking about the objectives of the organization. 2) The human factor, that is, influence people to voluntarily strive to achieve the objectives. John P. Kotter, in his book The Leadership Factor (1988), says that leadership is characterized by the following: 1) Develop a vision of what should be the organization and generate the necessary strategies to implement the vision. 2) Achieve a network cooperative human resources, which involves a group of highly motivated and committed to make the vision a reality. The definition of leadership cited at the beginning contains a key word voluntarily, which could also be translated as willingly. Not just about influencing people to do but to voluntarily strive to corresponding targets. Approaches These approaches are based on the study of behavior rather than on the depth of personality traits of substantival theories. The most important contributions in this regard have been those of: Theory X and Y Mc Gregor Theory X leads to an autocratic leader performance, and the Y theorie leads to a participatory performance. But being a one-dimensional approach that works with a single variable, the use of authority by the person who leads, is not accourate enough to explain its complexity as is leadership Likert management systems Formulated a model with intermediate degrees between X and Y. To Likert best to lead a team corresponds to a participatory behaviour Likert found that management under the participatory system were most effective and in which showed the best motivation. He built a very comprehensive questionnaire on organizational characteristics, that tests 18 variables classified in the categories Leadership, Motivation, Communication, and others. Its main limitation is that it is only useful in cases where it is intended to improve the lead making it more participatory. In this sense it is more applicable to small groups and instructed personnel. The Managerial Grid of Blake and Mouton This marriage of researchers was able to define a model based on the intersection of two variables: the concern for people and concern for production. While five main positions are standardized, the grid gives possibilities to eighty-one intersection between the two variables. The main contribution is to show that both variables are called mutually. It would be hard to imagine good long-term gains without a committed and motivated personnel. Without doubt, the greatest value of this approach is that it breaks the paradigm dimensional. However, the main criticism he has received is that indicate a unique driving style as best for all circumstances. CHANGE MANAGEMENT It is a process by which organizations move from the present state to a future state,changing in order to increase their effectiveness. A Process to achieve better efficiency, in which an organization achieves its objectives. organizational efficiency is amount of resources the organization has ,to be used to produce a number of products. Levels change When focused on the organization as a whole, we see that this can be divided into four levels at the time of analyzing the changes: Strategic level: proposing a change in the overall objectives of the organization, both in terms of its essential orientation of vision and their reason for their mission. Structural level: proposes a change in the organizational structures, it involves changing authority relations, the coordination mechanisms, redesigning jobs, or similar structural variables Technical level: technology change encompasses changes in how work is processed and the methods and equipment used. Human level: people change refers to changes in attitudes, skills, expectations, perceptions and behavior of employees, including, in turn, according to Daft and Steers (1992) four types of changes: patterns of interaction, skills in human relations and in the basic attitudes, values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and motivations of individuals. Thereby changing the behavior of individuals and groups requires the transformation of one or more of the aforementioned levels (Quoted in Romeo, 1999). Models of organizational change Many models are used to carry out or try to explain, in an effective way, the process of change, example is the model of Lewin. Lewin (1951) develops a dynamic theory, which explains that the the behavior is a function of the individuals interaction with his social environment, essentially based on the different groups to which the person belongs. it should focus not only on the individual in isolation, but in this within their social environment, taking as unit change the social group to which the individual belongs. The status quo of the organization, to Lewin (1951) is a state of dynamic equilibrium between forces that tend to help the organization and forces that tend to counteract or prevent wrong decitions, and to effect a change is necessary to break that dynamic balance between these forces. unfreezing is the name given to this initial process where old ideas or practices are suppressed by new ones and can be induced by increasing the driving forces of change growing perception of benefits associated with this, by reducing the resistance or obstacles to change, or combination of both. Following the Change in which new ideas practices. then comes refreezing ,requiring the integration of new insights into the structure of the organizational system . The refreezing state marks the return of the organization to a dynamic balance of forces that support or restrict any intervention. Critical analysis 4. INTRO Few companies can be described as revolutionary and successful, changing markets and consumer behaviours, apple is one of them, a remarkable company that over time has created an identity and an image that impacted in their followers. The technological direction of the company began to build in 1971 when they met Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. The former is responsible for creating the first Apple computer, while the latter promoted among the major supporters of computing and digital electronics shops. Apple has begun a career that has had its ups and downs due to different administration, Steve Jobs being the most successful, turning the company into one of the largest in history But what does make it a success? Innovation, the key of success, which leads to a competitive advantage. From the beginning of Apples history in 1976, Steve Jobs, the soul of the company, had a different view of its competitors, looking distinguished among its rivals, seeking exclusivity and novelty, as jobs mention, I want to bring an easy to use computer to the market. From here we can analyze that jobs from the start thinking like a consumer, which would win the loyalty of its customers. With the launch of Apple II the computer revolution began, having as the main rival IBM. But what type of innovation strategy do they have at that time? Clearly the development of their products were made by them within their company, all the ideas were in apple, As mentioned in the textbook Apple practised to horizontal and vertical integration relied on its own property design A classic type of linear model innovation, as mentioned in the literature review. Basic research Applied research Development Commercialization The challenges started when IBM developed a faster processor and the use of an open operative system(ms dos) Limitating the sofwares that apple had developed,as well as the slow processor speed, and falling 62% of apple net income between 1982 and 1983 leading to a crisis in the company and the dismissal of Steve Jobs. With the entry of Sculley as CEO, apple tried to gain space in a new market, education, which were driven by its high technology softwares, they recover their market share and stabilized at 8% as (referred in the case study) As the philosophy of Jobs to make things simple, Sculley introduce plug and play peripherals which allow overpricing their products. 4.1 THE STRATEGY At this stage the revenues came from exclusivity rather than cheap products and apple still producing their own monitors, chips and disk drivers, keeping the classic innovation model. But now apple forge and alliance with their main rival, IBM ,creating 2 joint ventures in order to produce new operating systems and multimedia applications, Sculley was replaced in June 1993 by Michael splinder. It was a good decision to change the management? With the new management, changes were inevitable, apple started licence many companies to make Mac clones, trying to reduce costs, which was a poor decision made by splinder, apple lost 69 billion dollars in 1996 After 12 years Steve Jobs returned and became the interim CEO of apple 4.2 NEW BEGINING, NEW IDEAS, INNOVATION With the return of Steve Jobs, Apple returned to the path of innovation. Not only in technology but also in the strategy and business model. For example: Opening its own stores to broaden the scope of the external distribution channel. For the first time apple open and online store to set up direct sales They invest more money on Research and Development Decrease its inventory In 1998 apple gained real profit from their all in one computer, iMac, that could support Microsofts peripherals for the first time. With jobs in command, the company started to reshape quickly. Those were signs that the course was on track, Apple posted a profit of 309 million Dollars 4.3 NEW STRATEGY-BLUE OCEAN The real revolution of apple came with uncontested line of products, the reinvention of portable music devices, the telephone and the tablet. Apple had an outstanding strategy, the digital hub strategy, Mac became the preferred hub to control, integrate and add value to these devices. All started with the iPod As the theory of Blue Ocean, in order to create a new market and escape from the battling Red Ocean a company have to be innovative, different. Apple launched a new concept of music device, the iPod Blue ocean strategy quick analysis (BASED ON IPOD DEVICE) 1. Increase: the music storage can store up to 1000 songs 2. Reduce: energy consumption, up to 10 hours battery 3. Create: ultra portable high performance device, iTunes 4. Eliminate: old concept of music device. Through this commitment to innovation on all fronts in which focused, Apple managed to gain success as 60% of the digital music market. With the iPod, Apple has done what he does best: offer a product Innovative, bringing together high technology, attractive design and a simple interface use. And with its iTunes online store, Jobs offered an innovative business model. iPhone A new revolution of the company would begin with the launch of the iPhone in 2007, a multimedia smart phone with Internet access, touch screen and a minimal hardware interface. His success was such that it would be awarded the Invention of the Year by Time magazine in 2009, Apogee has maintained that through the sale of new issues as the iPhone 3G, iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4 iPad With a revolutionary concept between smartphone and a laptop (which would later be called tablet), the company lashes out in early 2010 to introduce its new device called iPad. Its multitouch capabilities, wide screen, its innovative design and powerful hardware allowed him to position itself as the most popular product of the year. However not all inventions made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹by apple where sucesful, not always an Innovative product will be succesful, for instance the Mac Mini and the Apple TV were a failure, But why? Because they havent figured out the right way to create a compelling TV product Most of their best selling products are based on an apple operative system, and a TV box does not need that. Microenvironment FACTORS-SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: Apple is one of the marks of technological innovation in the worlds largest entertainment. It has a large number of fans who admire the quality of their products. Such loyalty guarantees the permanence of its customers and generates the attraction of new consumers. In turn, Apple products are easy to handle and excellent quality. Weaknesses: Apple has been criticized for antenna problems on its latest iPhone. Moreover, its admission policies iTunes Store applications and user freedom are very restrictive. The costs of their products are usually a little higher. Opportunities: The mobile market is expanding and Apple can leverage its established position in digital distribution. In the course of time, Apple has made a huge acepatacià ³n the AppStore (billion download until this year) developed by various groups of programmers in the world. Furthermore, due to its success, Apple is an interesting market for investment, which has benefited the company in times of crisis. Threats: There is increasing competition in the technology market. Market companies are quick to market with products like the iPhone or iPad. To remain in place, Apple should invest more in research and technological development. Economic crisis. ChNGE Recall that after having problems with the top management of the company he founded, Jobs was fired from Apple Computer in 1985, later founding the company NeXT, which was reabsorbed by the very Apple Computer in 1997, where Jobs is president ( CEO) since. 1. Changes in the board of the company that meant a renewed confidence in the company and markedly increased the stock price of the company. 2. The re-purchase of the licenses the use of PowerPC 750 (G3) of all companies that could make Mac clones (yes, there was a time that I had), so the company re-take control of the hardware in running your operating system. Start of organizational change Create a culture Reduce by 50% to 10% Research Development, and removed the unnecessary worker Launches first product of the new era Jobs. The IMAC computer without a tower, and of different colors, with cd, and no floppy. Jobs realizes the market opportunity that I had in music. After the success of Napster. AND ITUNES product launches, to the IMAC. And you create a culture, a style the best philosophy that a company can have. The music. Sony created the personal music player but did not use the MP3 market 3. The announcement of the Power Mac G3 in November 1997 (new flag) These changes Apple made were to have a profitable quarter ($ 47 million). But after more decisions were taken that catapulted the company to a winning streak that continues to this day: 1. Drastically reduced hardware production line of the company. 2. Because of this reduction is greatly simplified product offering Apple aside rare model names (most identified by numbers) and variations that just confused the current and future customers. 3. The announcement of the iMac and PowerBook G3 in May 1998. Thus Apples offer was reduced to three elements: * Advanced Desktops: PowerMac G3. * Equipment for home desktop: iMac. * Portable: PowerBook G3. 4. Completing hardware divisions that reported earnings as Newton, production printers and accessories. Significantly simplifying the internal structure of Apple. 5. It starts selling the iMac on August 15, 1998 and became the fastest computer sold in history. Apple went from a quarterly loss of $ 740 million in June 1997 to gains above the $ 100 million per quarter in July 1998. In 2009, Apple reported profits over 8 billion dollars per quarter Leadership When analyzing the personality of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple, there are many features that spring to mind to describe this technological genius who profoundly influenced a new generation with products like the iPod, iPad and iTunes. Some, stand for the rest of the business in its category. For example, a person was extremely perfectionist with each of the products created, intuitive to realize that products would have positive results and which are not, studious because researching every detail of your market and competition, and charismatic, because enthused employees to perform their work in a better way. While these qualities we find in some other successful entrepreneurs in their areas, the fact is that there is one that is shared by all innovative leaders: curiosity. Thats because the primary secret of success of Steve Jobs lay in his curiosity, according to Forbes, for example, curiosity led him to study calligraphy, which could create fonts that Apple made known to its original design. Even the same curiosity led him to travel to India to study Eastern mysticism and Zen Buddhism, to seek simplicity of design. And it was precisely this feature which became known as Apple technology company worldwide. This shows that the top executives are not always the most skilled, but are those who exploit the curiosity the most, as their ideas generate creative and successful business. In fact, one of the most famous phrases of Steve Jobs is when you innovate, you run the risk of wrong. Admit and innovates again. This reflects the spirit of entrepreneurship and creativity. Jobs was ahead of his time and embodied everything we thought it would be impossible to do. So do not doubt your ideas or your impulses. If your curiosity leads to new business plan, try. Maybe you can turn those ideas into big business to take you to achieve success in your caption and recognition among your competitors 6. CONCLUSION With the case study over, it has been learned the importance of innovation and the impact that it has in companies around the world, such is apple and its successful history. Also it is important to point out the influence of the strategic planning in order to gain competitive advantage among competitors it has been shown the importance of good management in critical situation and how it can affect the overall direction of a company. the blue ocean strategy has provided relevant information for the understanding of creating opportunities in new markets, for instance in the case of apple, the innovative idea of Steve jobs in the creation of the iPod, iPhone and iPad in the technological market made apple an outstanding successful company in the 21st century despite the fact of the global recession For the purposes of further research this assignment is for free use DANIEL LIZARRAGA References Medina Salgado Espindola and Espinosa 1994 Freeman, C., 1982 the economics of industrial innovation pg 56 Peter Drucker 1985 Innovation and Entrepreneurship pg 28-pg29 Steve Jobs 2005 Stanford university speech Henry Chesbrough Open Services Innovation: Rethinking Your Business to Grow and Compete in a New Era pg 66 Telegraph 2011