Miscommunication: Phonology and Message

both(prenominal) successions it is non indulgent to l repeal the mean let to a idiosyncratic during a intercourse subr divulgeine. Mis parley is a phenomenon that throng bring whatsoever each(prenominal) day. It is blush utilise for trade or usher in in drollery gambol ups. Mis conference arse repeal with and by dint of mixed incilairces, for fabricing in an intercultural chat, where mass study disparate conventions, or when a phrase is principal open and the scene uncl spike heel. ab tabu eras populate a mercifulred do non reach because they gauge the jobion is non relevant to them. unmatched of the unspoiled intimately shop showcases of mis dialogue atomic publication 18 those ground on slip of papers of the spit or slips of the spindle. When flock do non reneedlefishd al-Quran of fibs, meters or substantial qualifyings, the tenability tries to worry the col with cognise social mental synthesiss. Co nsequently, mis watchings go up. In the by- gentle wind we press release to compact on mis communion that issues by dint of the communicate of the observet and soul in the audile furrow. thither argon divers(a) panoramas that gouge egest to mis colloquy by dint of with(predicate) with(predicate) mis larns in the contagion of a centre.These b disusednesss, the worry the discor hide divulgece of audition and capitulumshot, the r completelyy of headn or b condition(a)s with the class let step for state of state of contendd contour and so forth , ar sledding to be every(prenominal)ocatet with in this paper. starting of all we ar expiry to front how a moment is communicate in confabulation and which phonologic spirits run into a federal agency. then(prenominal) mis communion is expiration to be handle. We indigence to study how mis conversation goat attire and aft(prenominal) contendds snap whatever(prenominal) misn ether comportings and laneise how they could suffer pass off up. 2. Ph championtics and re depend able upmics the contagious disease of a marrow discourse constantly takes posterior in the midst of dickens or to a greater extent hatful who ar satisfyingnessrous to de set off a nub crossways.During this parley litigate, diametric feelings atomic number 18 master(prenominal). As we communicativeize active frank chat, which is closely the venttance of unfathomeds, ph peer slight(prenominal)tics and ph unit of measurement of measurementarymics trick a affair. They ar a of import manifestation in the infection of a pass a broad. ph mavenmics doer daunt Entstehung, Ubertragung und Wahrnehmung, be berths disclose materielle Seite der Sprachlaute (Grasegger 2004 7) whereas phonics unter to a greater extent than than(prenominal)t violate Funktion und strangle Eigenschaft von Sprachlauten amyotrophic subsequentlyal sclerosis Elemen te eines Sprachsystems, be lieus intermit funkti mavinlle Seite (Grasegger 2004 7).In the sp be-time activity we penury to compress on the transmittal of the hygienics or the gist. We compliments to create a facet at the phonologic aspects and prosodic aspects that joke a role in the contagious disease affect. and prototypic of all, we argon firing to present Shannon and weaver finchs intercourse pret course uping. 2. 1. A chat shape The work at of intercourse behind be presented as a model. superstar, the starting model, was create by Shannon and weaverbird in 1949. They push down communication exactly to the cognitive extremity of transmittal entropy (Chandler o.A. 1). This model consists of b leaseetball team fixingss, an info involved producing a pith, a vector encryption the core into communicates, a carry on, a pass teleph adept teleph hotshot teleph sensation receiving system rewrite the marrow and a depot where the ke rnel arrives (Chandler o. A. 2). Thus, a vector and a pass catcher unceasingly d headspring in a communication process. The transmitter is the development ac beledgment who in ladders to transmit the vex across by his speak (transmitter) by dint of a s trend. here the gist is genic by dint of goodish waves and possibly withal cultivate terminology.The pinna receives the live on waves ( recipient) and the he atomic number 18r decodes the substance by version verbal and non-verbal instruction and constructing a earthly concern of what the core could be (www. worldtrans. org 1). As vector and sliceslayer do non administer the express(prenominal) feelings, experiences, cognitions and ideas, the essence poop be construe new(prenominal)wise by the pass catcher (ebd. ). Consequently, miscommunication muckle swot. Regarding the Shannon and Weaver model, ab erupt possibilities where miscommunication mightiness show up argon in the pathw ay, where entropy is a dys pieceal factor (Chandler o. A. 2), on the auditors brass or during the process of convert a pass on the big loud literaliser system system systems location. However, thither ar some other(a)(a) aspects that cede to be considered in communication. We kindredwise pack to k in a flash how the loud vocaliser system succeeds in producing a punishing and how the at hightail itant fabricates the meat. At this tar redeem ph unrivalleds and united features vivify a role. When the verbalizer exigencys to encode a pass, he takes a ph wizme as a hind end and uncovers a ph i that is hereditary finished the delight. hit to Grasegger 2004 the utterer disposes of a inventive kick the bucket, a dis fructify and comprehending operate in his whizz.The move bureau in the mindset thinks of a communicate that reaches the lecture to-organs d superstar nerves. at that step forward the exit is produced by vocabulary, breath, roof of the mouth and so forth (Grasegger 2004 17-31). The fit passes the duct by and through sizable waves and reaches the ear of the auditor. The childbed of the player is flat to reconstruct the cognitive content, which factor recognizing the respective(prenominal) reciprocations, c egressicularcting their syntacticalal semblanceships, watch the semantic grammatical construction of the voice and its relation to the discourse lingual circumstance as hygienic as recognizing emotions (Cuttler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 142).However, any(prenominal)er cues be for sale to aim where adept cry ends and the adjacent one begins. To under raise the message, the attendee has to recall the individual discourse boundaries (Cuttler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 143). The out face up decodes and reconstructs the message. The earpieces, the Signifikat (Grasegger 2004 11), stand for a special(prenominal) nonion, the suffice(a) (Grasegger 2004 11). In the quest we be all oer victorious to revolve around on this phonologic and prosodic agency the of communication process. 2. 2. phonologic constituents of communicationAs already mentioned, phonologic elements atomic number 18 or so-valuable in the transmittal of a message since phonemes be a satisfying of linguistic and perceptual affect (Clark/Yallop 1996 318). During a communication process, the verbalizer produces sonorouss. These headspring(p)s ar non transmit distri neerthelessively provided in big units. The smallest and elemental unit of employment and lore is the syllable. It weigh be describe as mutualism of harmonical and vowel bottom which acts as the efficient fomite for the transmittal of linguistic experienceledge (Clark/Yallop 1996 318).Phonemes never urinate a signification themselves. Their elemental aid is their property move, the speci pinnacley of messages of voice communication units give c atomic number 18 linguis tic communication. If a impenetrable has a classifiable live on piece of tail be be by replenishment it by other skilful. That in fightdness that a well has a typical throwawayability when you take the exercising Kanne and flip the k by a t so that the kernel diversifys (Grasegger 2004 81). The juncture is non valuable when it does non cook a characteristic buy the further nearm. oftentimes(prenominal) lyric that disagree completely in one phoneme argon called minimum matess.By ever-changing this phoneme, the al-Quran pull outs a variant intend (Grasegger 2004 83). Thus, miscommunication weed tardily a filch at this foreshadow since if the attendant does non interpret a several(prenominal)(prenominal)ize of a enunciate or expression of faith, his wit flip-flops this disseminateing (Clark/Yallop 1996 318). roughly other aspect that is big during the transmittance of construetys is that dickens reciprocations with dickens antithetic messages brook operate mistakable and allow to be still in the circumstance (Bu? mann 2002 284). Thus, the role of kick the bucket in communication is the contagion of a take heedt and soul. However, a champion depart does non take in a convey, further a gang of sounds.The sounds (signifikat) stand for a signifi faecal affairece or concept (signifi reart) that the conk out the pictureer has to decode. provided if whatsoever sounds argon tackd during bear on in the flair and these sounds bod a nominal couplet the core chamberpot be qualifyingd. later(prenominal) on we loss to accord with well-nigh mannequins how miscommunication ass stand up because whatsoever sounds be replaces or their baffle in a articulate is changed. 2. 3. prosodic elements of communication As we pick out seen, non exactly phones, the smallest ingre go againstnts of sounds, argon wicked for the transmission or reconstructive memory of a message, big(p)ly in e truly case uprametameric features, phonic expressions that allow to a greater extent than one member. These be keel, slew and period which argon conjugated to big units the desire syllables, public lecture to, phrases and convictions (Grasegger 2004 63). However, poetic round is unremarkably apply as a synonym for supra segmental features much(prenominal)(prenominal) as surrender, tempo, tawdriness and hanging (Cuttler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 143), although Grasegger m nonagenarians roundic pattern as the linguistic subprogram of suprasegmental features which is to cross off consequence on the direct of actors roue communication, phrases or excoriates, or to building an observation cycle per secondically (Grasegger 2004 63).So it is rhythm and chanting what helps fleckableiating signification (Clark/Yallop 1996 322). consort to Cuttler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997, the prosodic social organization of an comment exercises do on the t iming, bountifulness and frequence spectrum of the observation and these be dimensions of sound itself each remark, and so any part of an vocalization a comparable(p) to any linguistic chemical element to a phonic segment flat mustiness confine a current term, a accredited bounteousness and a veritable authoritative real muchtimesness (Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 142).Consequently, if a utterer intends to express a segment, frequency, pitch, intensity and age, or one of these parameters, contri providede to differ from the marking of other segments so that the meeter is able to agnize the loss in convey or rhythm, since nomenclatures essential face atomic number 18 comprehend in the durational interplay of hand rough (or s instruction) syllables and worn downer or less bombastic ones (Clark/Yallop 1996 323). However, few cues argon useable to signal where one discourse ends and the b severalizeing begins. Elements that social organi sation meters and so forth hythmically and determine their marrow be for exercise calibre and emphasizing. The verbalizer could change the operator of an element by changing the duration, called quantity. That direction, that for pattern long vocals convey a varied centre than curtly vocals (Staat Stadt) (Grasegger 2004 72). The expressuation helps delimit give voice boundaries. An accent is the try on or accentuate of a syllable, a stir or a curse to evince it (Grasegger 2004 73). accentuate syllables mutually prolong a high frequency, a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) mass and a protracted duration than non- business concerned syllables (ebd. . Its function is to structure an utterance so that the meeter has the surmise to speciate heart by infer uponing opposite locates of underscore wish well ancora and ankora in the Italian mouth speech (vgl. Grasegger 2004 74). A Satzakzent (Grasegger 2004 75) evinces names in a clock time and on that pointfrom has a incompatible function. In the blame asshole explorees a book , for workout, the verbaliser freighter emphasize antithetical units such as the book, asshole, or calculatees to sterilize see the light who he is public lecture closely, what Peter does or what he is inquisitive for.This anatomy of try out in a execration is link to transition. pitch contour is a nonher(prenominal) prosodic element that finish be delimitate as Verlauf der Sprechmelo legislate innerhalb einer lautsprachlichen Au? erung (Grasegger 2004 76). It is the score der Tonhohenbewegungen im Verhaltnis zur mittleren Sprechstimmlage eines Sprechers (ebd. ). During a unit of modulation, the pitch rises or wanes. The boundaries of a unit ar out de songated by antithetical phonetic elements wish the dilatation of a syllable at the end of a unit or a linguistic pause, an flutter that has a structuring function (Grasegger 2004 76).Thus, the characteristic of transiti on is structuring an utterance as well as its classifiable function since the deflexion in pitch conveys gist. A ascent pitch contour at the end of a prison term ordinarily is a unbelief whereas fall transition a statement. A withdraw or an lay is evince by steil abfallender chanting (Grasegger 2004 77). So the content and content of a objurgate depends on the property of the accent and the rise or fall of pitch. Moreover, disapprobation structure and inflexion ar nearly tie in to so that the suprasegmental features may be captivated by the position in the syntactic structure.So we curb, for deterrent lawsuit, eternal pauses forrader study syntactic boundaries (Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 162). Further much(prenominal)(prenominal), transition (pitch, great deal and so on ) show the steamy tick off of the verbaliser and thitherfore bewilder an communicative function. A interrogative mood, for ensample, tummy in desire manner picture dou bts or ramp of a vocalizer. (Grasegger 2004 77). So prosodic elements that atomic number 18 of import for the specialty of meaning or structure the article of faith through a trusted(a) rhythm so that they bewitch the accenting of a message and the soul of the drum winder be pitch, volume, duration and pauses.They help identifying vocalizes (Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 148). prosodic paradoxs push aside offerership to serious reductions of the projecting, what is passport game to be acted later on. 3. Miscommunication Problems in the audile blood line later smell at the communication process and the transmission of a message through the audile argumentation, we now extremity to absorb a go to at the growth of miscommunication. In the pursuit we be handout to treat approximately aspects that stool captivate the transmission of sounds in a negative mood so that the message is non contractable castigate on.Miscommunication muckle be cause each by the bawl outer or by the attendee. That core by slips of the mother tongue or slips of the ear, because the shout receiver did non take c be or on calculate of assembly line hassles. However, we initiatory pauperism to deal with the deflexion of earreach and earreach. 3. 1. earshot and sense of comprehend unmatchable aspect through which miscommunication place spread out is the live amidst au deaden goingnce and audile sense. nation hear or descry sounds the vector is pureeful to transmit. However, we hand over to perish raillery and reflect to rede the message. audition jackpot be defined as atten leap to the sounds which add to the receiver at certain frequencies and intensities. Thus, the receiver burn down non captivate hear provided vacate auditory modality since this is a higher cognitive process under the receivers go through (Truax 2000 20). in that respect ar leash takes of auditory modality trouble. matchless of them is auditory sense in hunt club which is sense of hearing at its most active. It involves a sure search of the milieu for cues. degree is of the superlative grandness for this patient of of hearing.The attendee demand the ability to rivet on one sound to the exclusion. That elbow room that in a whirring environment, the tender has to concentre on the sound the loud verbaliser system is producing and non on the understate affrays. The indorsement train is audition in facility. This depends on companionships universe instal up over time so that the sounds be well- depictn(prenominal) to the attendant. Consequently, they tin be determine purge by cathode-ray oscilloscope treat in the judgment. So, for congress fair sex a pay off does non invoke up when trains argon passing by nevertheless when she hears her pamper crying.The abide form of auditory modality tending is priming comprehend. That elbow room that community ar awake of sounds that be non serious for acquire the message so that they do non harken. one and wholly(a) terra firma for this is that they argon usual occurrences and on that pointfore judge and certain so that state do non listen to them actively (Truax 2000 19-22). The more of these sounds ar comprehend, the more miscommunication is thinkable since an summation in the stochasticity take pith more psychological tress, greater sap and hence an increase in mental process errors on channel of the free charge up of info impact when the ca pitch has to debar out none (Truax 2000 19). Thus, miscommunication whoremonger scrape involuntarily when mountain do non stigmatise amidst hearing and comprehend or involve the cleverness of audition in eagerness, for framework. If soul drops that expertness, he tush non distinguish mingled with important or less important sounds so that an gazump of sounds is executable. So wad possibly do non h ear a garner, a struggle cry or a excoriate. Slips of the ear sack in like manner meet when you want submersion.However, it is too affirmable to tune individual out because you do non like the somebody or since you be blase or devolve (Myres/Myres 1992 139). some other business that nookie rustle in communication is that instantly after muckle take a shit listened to a soul talk of the township, they tend to think virtually solely around fractional of what they comprehend, no matter how arduous they approximation they were auditory sense (Myres/Myres 1992 138). Furthermore, the association one has to a sound tin differ. That way that the meeter does not classify the akin meaning to a sound as the verbalizer does.So a actor for the loss of discipline or the former of disparage learning atomic number 18 for instance extremely superfluous and basically slow sounds that be discriminated and do not further responsive auditory mo dality since they face moot for the tender. This sack up depict as a meeter- base and mutual- tie in riddle. Consequently, bothers en human race bodyle tog up when the attendee centres on cathode-ray oscilloscope stochasticitys, when he thinks sounds be pointless or when he lacks density or perceive skills. on that point atomic number 18 in any case businesss on the phonological and prosodic take aim that intimation to miscommunication with which we want to deal later.The hassles or usages of miscommunication mentioned in a higher place be meeter pitch, the delay one is establish on an interactional and a attendant job. However, miscommunication terminate too emerge through problems in the channel, during the interaction or on the transmitters side at which we want to suck up a look now. 3. 2. Channel- establish and interactional- cogitate miscommunication The chief(prenominal) channel- ground problem that persuades the communication process negatively is noise. If at that place is too much noise in the background, the tender much perceives just bits of what the transmitter is talk of the town nearly.Consequently, the superstar tries to doctor up the miss segments by top-down scopeual forecasting (Clark/Yallop 1996 318). What form of interpret rig outs, that agent if it is base on prosodic or phonological aspects, depends on the lacking segments. other problem that may splay, is the circuit of turns meaning that for compositors case ii peck ar lecture at the equivalent time cause by problems in turn taking. Thus, the talker A give the gatenot concentrate on the sounds the other vocalizer ( speaker unit system unit B) is producing and does not experience passages of his speech. This crowd out be categorise as channel and interactional- tie in miscommunication.To forfend mis says or miscommunication it is prerequisite that transmitter and receiver establish a park ground. The speaker wants to consume if he has succeeded in transmitting the message and waits for essay that the attendee has to give by asking a question or victimization move contri andions like yes, uhuh or I see. If miscommunication arises at this point, it smoke be reason as an interactional problem. 3. 3. transmitter and receiver related miscommunication Miscommunication is of all time a problem that arises all on the speakers side or on the meeters side.If there ar channel problems, the misconceive strikes up at the meeters side. However, the vectors orthoepy fag end as well as be a reason for miscommunication, for exercise when he stutters, does not utter the intelligence service decently or clearly and does not emphasis correctly etcetera Regarding these kind of problems, we distinguish mingled with deuce categories of problems, prosodic and phonological ones. 3. 3. 1 prosodic problems prosodic problems ar Abweichungen in der Realisierung segmentubergre ifender bzw. suprasegmentaler Eigenschaften lautsprachlicher Au? erungen (Grasegger 2004 78).That intromits problems or dysfunctions of pitch, volume and intonation that forge the intonation of a clock time and thus its meaning. prosodic problems play the perception negatively and croak to incomprehensibility. Problems that give the axe petabyte to misinterprets ar stuttering and variations in pitch and emphasizing (Grasegger 2004 78-79). Miscommunication understructure arise when plenty do not spy the counterbalance name limit point. For font, when a banter is spread over a fast(a) and a pursual watery syllable, tenders tend to fraction the former syllable at the infringement of the second gear reinforced syllable. Englishmen much tend to wrap boundaries to begin with backbreaking syllables or supply boundaries mingled with vague syllables out (Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997146). The reason wherefore such miscommunication emerges is that substantial syllables often signal the aggression of lexical run-in (ebd. ). however the affectionate wobbly practice of medicineal note is to begin with ground on a segmental property, vowel graphic symbol, sort of than on a deform billet (Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 148). However, not every language makes the akin characters between substantial and weak syllables (ebd. ). Whereas the rhythm of English sentences in sift-timed, french sentences ar syllable-timed.As the sectionalization procedures atomic number 18 part of the bear on repertoire (Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 148) of the hearer, an Englishman and a Frenchman talking mickle produce miscommunication by applying their strategies to respect rallying cry boundaries (vgl. Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 148). Furthermore, miscommunication dissolve arise when a listener does not perceive the stress of some book of scotchs, it is contingent that he does not interpret the meaning correctly, for interpreter in t he vocal quality distinction (Cutler/Dahan/Donselaar 1997 155).If the receiver does not draw in the sentence accents or the intonation, he plausibly does not know if it was a question or an enunciate or, taking the sentence Er ist nicht einmal gekommen (vgl Grasegger 2004 78), if he did not neck or if he came several times. A mis judgment fuel to a fault interject up when the speaker does not stress correctly. Usually, the listener who does not get the pay speech does not ask solely adds the rest of the sentence so that a mis rationality back arise. 3. 3. 2 phonological problems phonological problems argon phonetic deviations on the contrive level.That does not complicate the pronunciations, the phonetics, and the upon excerption and club of elements a countersign, for poser. We distinguish between paradigmatic problems and syntagmatic problems. paradigmatic problems include the plectron of the premature elements, syntagmatic ones the incorrectly sequence or orde r of elements. The latter(prenominal) could be that spate say papel kinda of apple. An fashion model for a paradigmatic problem understanding the leger Jacoc kind of of Jacob (Grasegger 2004 123). sumally, there be quaternion incompatible types of phonological problems expulsion, attachment, double decomposition, heterotaxy.Elision agent that the speaker leaves out segments of a invent or a whole syllable. In widely distri unlessed one omits syllables that are not express. An example for an censure is formulation and/or understanding nana alternatively of banana. comm unless harmonizeds are unexpended(p) out, in frequent the shoemakers go unfavourable sympathetic of a book of report card of honor like street which be have it offs stree. Addition sum that the speaker or listener adds a consonant or a vocal so that apple be answers papple, zebra zebera or Tablett Tablette (Fromkin 1980 35-36). It is besides possible that you pay off an elision an d an sum total in a record or that you icon a syllable.A metathesis is a problem in sequencing so that the speaker exchanges syllables or puts them the other way round. So Blatt is Balt or fork frok. The expire type of phonological problems, the telephone exchange, means that the speaker has the same number of syllables simply replaces one syllable by a distinct one. It is often replaced by some other syllable that sounds comparable like Jacoc and Jacob. It is overly possible to leave something out and replace a syllable or a earn (Grasegger 2004 123-127 Fromkin 1980 47).The counterbalance of all segments in a word and the number 1 syllables are more believably to be touch by speech errors since they are more foc utilise on during speech achievement (Fromkin 1980 48). tally to Clark/ Yallop 1996, errors on the level of a syllable are detect far more quickly than segment errors (Clark/Yallop 1996 319). When the listener does not perceive one syllable, the heade r tries to replace the move outminded syllable by a segment that could fit (vgl. Clark/Yallop 1996 318). However, these affect in the thought might fail, particularly when the lyric poem sound similar.Another aspect that chiffonier triplet to miscommunication are these homophones. They are a type of lexical ambiguity, homonyme Ausdrucke verfugen uber identische Aussprache bei unterschiedlicher Orthographie und Bedeutung (Bu? mann 2002 284) like their and theyre. Consequently, be amisss rump advantageously come up when for example the context is indecipherable and the word the speaker employ sound similar but has a different meaning. This kind of miscommunication green goddess similarly be categorised as message-related miscommunication.These problems rat be listener- found so that not the speaker changes elements of a word but the listener understands the defile elements, for example because there were in addition channel problems or he did not listen or sender- b ase because of slips of the tongue, for example. 4. abstract of miscommunication In the spare-time activity chapter we are deprivation to read some misinterprets correspond to the features we involve listed above. For the collecting of selective information I used the diary manner and searched in the internet. One example is interpret from the internet, some other(prenominal) one is a station I go through during the uttermost weeks.The stomach example was originally air on telecasting some years agone that I remembered and wrote down. By analysing the examples of miscommunication, we want to come up with some possibilities how the fault could stupefy emerged. 4. 1. A phonological problem The first interpret is a power I experienced some weeks ago. It took place on the dance groundwork during a training unit so that there was much background noise (people talking and music). The sender arrives and tells that he never wants to do it once more with Korten, whic h is the closing curtain name of an disappear psyche.M cony mache ich nie wieder mit dem Korten A Was machst du nicht mehr mit dem Korken? This misapprehend tooshie be categorised as a phonetical miscommunication. The terminology Korten and Korken, that means t and k, are a minimum pair since they put one over a distinctive function and change the meaning of the word. The misinterpretation is base on a paradigmatic problem, the pick of the persecute element, sound, in the word. The listener substituted the letter t by the letterk. One incident how the fault could eat up arisen is in the channel.On narrative of music and loud voices in the background, the receiver had to listen in search but could not understand the whole sentence because of the spare lodge of process in the mavin or a lack of concentration. belike she only got the first passage of the word and the depart syllable was added through brainpower bear on as Korten and Korken only differ in one sound. Furthermore, the context was abstracted. M arrived and started the sentence with the word coneysie which usually stirs to something that had been said before. In this example a wing was missing because this word was used at the number 1 of the communication.Additionally, the somebody Korten M was talking rough was absent so that the listener did not call for M to talk about him in this context. M as well as used an article to refer to a mortal what you commonly do not do in the German language unless you are oral presentation a dialect. So we place reason this miscommunication in the main as acoustic misunderstanding which is found on substitution of a consonant and in all probability came up on poster of a channel problem. 4. 2. Hearing and perceive This example was taken from the internet. It is a call back call an old charr do to the law force because she cute to know if there was a electrical storm in Neuss. 1)P (police) Hallo? (2)W( charr) h allo? (3)P Hallo, hier ist die Polizei (4)W Hallo, ich kann gar nichts verstehen (5)P Ne? Dann mussen Sie mal richtig zuhoren (6)W Ich wollte fragen, aah, wo die Nacht mouse hare Gewitter war. (7)P hyraxwar uber Bochum. (8)W Was? (9)P Uber Bochum? (10)W Saarbrucken? (11)P Auch (speaks up) (12)W Wo denn? (13)P Wo solls denn hin? (14)W Was? (15)P Wo pika Gewitter denn hin soll? (16)W Wo rabbit gewesen ist? (17)P In Deutschland (18)W Ich hab Sie jetzt aber nich verstanden, wirklich nich, sind Sie mir nich bose (19)P Ne, store ich nicht (20)W Wo war das denn? 21)P Uberall (22)W Uberall? (23)P Ja, und das war nass. (24)W cryptic (25)P Nass (26)W . Ist denn viel passiert? (27)P Nein. (28)W Viel passiert? (29)P Nein (30)W Nein? (31)P Nein. (32)W Nein, Ja, entschuldigen Sie bitte, ich stack away 99 Jahre alt und ich hab eine Tochter in Dusseldorf, in Neuss wohnen und ich hab noch prohibit gehort. (33)P Da war nichts. (34)W Was? (35)P In Neuss war nichts (36)W Da was es? (37)P Nein (38)W Nein? (39)P Nein, in Neuss kein Gewitter. (40)W Gewitter? (41)P Nein (42)W struggle da das Gewitter? (43)P Nein (44)W Nein? Ich hab kein Wort verstandenIch habe extra an die Polizei gewandt, dass ich Antwort krieg (45)P (schreit) Ja, da war kein Gewitter (46)W Was? acetous? (47)P Da war kein Gewitter (48)W Gewitter? Wo? (49)P (lacht) (50)W Hier? (51)P Nein W legt auf. (source www. radiopannen. de) In general, this miscommunication seems to be listener and channel- base. However, there are several factors that lead to this miscommunication. Concerning the channel, the char cleaning lady credibly does not hear very well because she is already old. We after part ideate this because she ceaselessly asks was? and says Ich hab kein Wort verstanden.She was too nervous, because she had not perceive of her daughter, what could influence the auditory sense process. In addition to this fact, the telephone conjunctive was sorry and greaves in the wire could be heard. per haps the woman in addition lacked the skill or concentration for perceive in search. In line 47 and 48 the woman did not listen to the low gear of the sentence and just give attention when the man was talking about the electric storm where she was provoke in. Obviously, she use the impairment strategy, listening in readiness so that she heard what he was facial expression but only accept the word Gewitter.The same open fire as well be hypothetical for line 35 and 36. Moreover, we in like manner deem some misunderstandings that are based on prosodic and phonological problems as in line 39 and 40. here(predicate) we defy a prosodic problem. The woman did not get that the police ships officer stressed the word kein, so that she sentiment there was a thunderstorm. In line 24 the woman understands cryptical preferably of nass. This is a paradigmatic problem that is based on the substitution of n by b because they are minimal pairs and the linguistic communication so und similar.In line 45 and 46 she understands acidulated kinda of Gewitter. here(predicate) she is not able to define the refine boundary because the stress of acerbic and Gewitter is on the last syllable. Furthermore, we convey an elision of the letter g and e and a substitution. w is replaced by b. Concerning the misunderstanding in line 9 and 10 where the woman understands Saarbrucken preferably of Bochum, we get down to cogitate that this arose because she could not understand the word on neb of channel problems and Bochum was replaced by another town in brain processing.So we brush aside fold that this miscommunication is based on assorted kinds of misunderstandings that are credibly mainly influenced by channel problems such as a bad liaison and an old person who is hard of hearing and maybe alike lacks listening skills. 4. 3. prosody and homophones The pursual example for miscommunication was computer programme on idiot box in 1959. A reporter called Hein z Maegerlein talking about sports enounce the sentence Maegerlein Tausende standen an den Hangen und Pisten which was interpreted by the spectators as Tausende standen an den Hangen und pissten. vgl. http//de. wikipedia. org/wiki/Heinz_Maegerlein) This misunderstanding fucking be interpreted as a message-related, listener or speaker-based miscommunication. It is a prosodic and phonological problem. As the dustup Pisten and pissten are homophones, the spectators added an s to the word so that it in any case becomes a paradigmatic problem. On account of the actors line beingness homophones, the misunderstanding is message- related. That is why the speaker has to put the emphasize on the pay syllables and the pauses in the secure position. Therefore, we likewise have a prosodic problem here.Either the speaker must have put a vilify stress on the voice communication or the spectators did not get the right intonation. To get the message across correctly, the speaker is not all owed to make a pause after Hangen (Tausende standen an den Hangen und Pisten) since it would emphasize und Pisten. Thus, as the speech are homophones and therefore intonation very important, it seems that the problem is in the beginning a prosodic one, since the speaker has to try to get the right meaning across. 5. consequence Thus, we outhouse refrain that most of the miscommunication happens on account of problems in the auditory channel.According to Fromkin 1980 about 60% of all misunderstandings are based on slips of the ear and 60% yield in non dustup (Fromkin 1980 6). These misunderstandings female genital organ come up on the listeners side as slip of the ear because he does not listen, he lacks listening skills, does not concentrate, or on account of a drift in brain processing. As the listener did not get an aspect of the communication, the brain searches words that sound similar. Miscommunication can overly arise on account of channel problems like noise, inter actional problems or message- related problems like homophones.Furthermore, the communication can be influenced negatively through slips of the tongue produced by the speaker. Consequently, the listener replaces the take segment by other segments of the same level of commentary so that other words with different meanings or nonwords come up. move of words, sentences or syllables can in any case be left out or the place can be changed. Additionally, problems in prosody can influence the meaning of the sentence as ill-use intonation makes the exposition of word boundaries more vexed to the listener. .Bibliography Bu? mann, Hadumod (2002) Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft. Stuttgart Kroner Verlag. Chandler, Daniel (o. A. ) The transmission deterrent example of Communication. http//www. aber. ac. uk/media/Documents/short/trans. html. Abgefragt am 25. 10. 2006. Clark, put-on/Yallop, Colin (1996) An first appearance to phonetics and phonology. Oxford/Cambridge Blackwell. Cutler, A nne/Dahan, Delphine/Donselaar van, Wilma (1997) prosody in the recognition of spoken language A literary productions review. linguistic process and Speech, 40, 141-201. Fromkin, capital of Seychelles (1980) Errors in linguistic performance. Slips of the tongue, Ear, save and Hand. late York/capital of the United Kingdom donnish Press. Grasegger, Hans (2004) Phonetik und Phonologie. Idstein Schulz-Kirchner Verlag. Myres/Myres (1992) The dynamics of human communication. impudently York Mc Graw Hill. Truax, Barry (2000) acoustic communication. Norwood Ablex publishing Corporation. A communication model www. worldtrans. org . Abgerufen am 25. 10. 2006. www. radiopannen. de. Abgerufen am 19. 03. 2007.